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关键词： crassulacean acid metabolism   gene expression   photosynthesis   circadian clock   stomatal movement   water-use efficiency   drought stress  

摘要： Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a specialized photosynthetic pathway that enhances water-use efficiency by temporally separating nocturnal CO2 uptake from daytime decarboxylation and carbon fixation. To uncover the regulatory mechanisms coordinating these temporal dynamics, we generated high-resolution, 48 h time-course transcriptomes for the CAM model Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi under both 12 h/12 h light/dark (LD) cycles and continuous light (LL). A rhythmicity analysis revealed that diel light cues are the dominant driver of transcript oscillations: 16,810 genes (54.3% of annotated genes) exhibited rhythmic expression only under LD, whereas just 399 genes (1.3%) remained rhythmic under LL. A smaller set of 3009 genes (9.7%) oscillated in both conditions, indicating that the intrinsic circadian clock sustains rhythmicity for a limited subset of the transcriptome. A gene co-expression network analysis revealed extensive integration between circadian clock components, core CAM pathway enzymes, and stomatal regulators, defining regulatory modules that coordinate metabolic and physiological timing. Notably, key hub genes associated with post-translational and post-transcriptional regulation, including the E3 ubiquitin ligase HUB2 and several pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, act as central nodes in CAM-associated networks. This discovery implicates epigenetic and organellar regulation as previously unrecognized critical tiers of control in CAM. Together, our results support a regulatory model in which CAM rhythmicity is governed by both external light/dark cues and the endogenous circadian clock through multi-level control spanning transcriptional and protein-level regulation. To support community exploration, we also provide an interactive eFP (electronic Fluorescent Pictograph) browser for visualizing time-resolved gene expression profiles.

关键词： crassulacean acid metabolism   halophyte   ice plant   photosynthetic light reactions   plastoquinone pool redox state   soil salinity  

摘要： Progressive soil salinisation is a major constraint to agriculture, and deciphering resistance strategies in plants adapted to such harsh environments has the potential for improving salinity tolerance in crops. Efficient regulation of the photosynthetic light reactions is a key element of acclimation to adverse environmental conditions, as it ensures optimal production of reducing power and ATP. The annual halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum has long served as a model plant for studying stress response mechanisms. In this species, exposure to salt stress induces a transition from C3 photosynthesis to crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM). This review summarises the latest findings on the regulation of photosynthetic electron transport (PET) under salinity in M. crystallinum, focusing on their potential dependence on CAM. It also suggests a model in which the plastoquinone pool plays a major role in PET acclimation.

关键词： 点云配准   ICP算法   CAD模型   八叉树   三角网格   半边数据结构  

摘要： 点云与CAD模型的精配准是机械零件非接触式测量中一个关键问题,迭代最近点(ICP)算法是精配准中最常用的方法。针对传统ICP算法搜索对应点对时间过长的问题,利用STL格式三角网格作为目标CAD模型与源点云进行配准。同时利用八叉树对源点云空间进行划分,对位于同一体素中的点云用体素质心进行先行遍历,对三角网格进行半边数据结构的建立,将后续点云的搜索范围缩小到指定三角网格的邻近三角网格内。最后利用三角网格包含法向信息的特点,采用点到面的ICP方法进行配准。实验结果表明,该方法可以在不降低配准精度的情况下大幅提高配准效率。

关键词： age   percutaneous coronary intervention   stable angina   stable coronary artery disease   treadmill exercise time  

摘要： ORBITA-2 (Objective Randomized Blinded Investigation With Optimal Medical Therapy of Angioplasty in Stable Angina) was the first randomized placebo-controlled trial to show the efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with stable angina and single- or multivessel coronary artery disease without background antianginal medication. Whether the effect is consistent across age groups is unknown.

关键词： de novo coronary artery disease   drug-coated balloon   drug-eluting stents  

摘要： Owing to the absence of a metallic scaffold, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-coated balloons (DCBs) may cause less chronic inflammation and potentially reduce late complications compared with drug-eluting stents (DES). However, in the REC-CAGEFREE I study, the strategy of DCB angioplasty with rescue stenting failed to achieve noninferiority to intended DES implantation for treating de novo lesions at 2 years.

关键词： Prison   TB LON   Incarcerated individuals   Intervention   High-risk population  

摘要： Background Correctional centers, including prisons and other penitentiary facilities, are recognized as high-risk environments for tuberculosis (TB) transmission due to overcrowding and limited access to healthcare. In Nigeria, the situation is worsened by infrastructural inadequacies and delays in the judicial process, which contribute to structural risk factors. These conditions heighten the vulnerability of incarcerated individuals to TB and position prisons as potential reservoirs for active transmission. This study compared the screening efficiency and tuberculosis case yield of two screening approaches (digital chest X-ray with computer-aided detection (CAD4TB) and the WHO-recommended four-symptom screen (W4SS)) implemented in penitentiary institutions, with the aim of informing their broader application in similar high-risk settings. Methods TB Screening was carried out in 17 adult correctional centers across 11 states in Nigeria under the USAID-funded TB LON 1&2 project implemented by KNCV Nigeria. With the successful engagement of prison authorities and relevant approvals obtained, healthcare personnel within the facilities received training to support TB screening efforts. Screening procedures were structured through an orderly and stepwise workflow to cover all cells within each institution. Incarcerated individuals were screened using either digital chest X-ray with computer-aided detection (CAD4TB) or the WHO-recommended four-symptom screen (W4SS). Individuals identified as presumptive TB cases had their sputum samples collected and tested. Confirmed TB patients were promptly linked to treatment. Data analysis was done with the TB Screening efficiency cascade and SPSS version 27.0. Results A total of 26,615 incarcerated individuals were screened between January and August 2022. Among them, 4,162 were identified as presumptive TB (16% yield), and 4,158 underwent evaluation (99.9% evaluation rate). Of the number evaluated, a total of 468 TB cases were con

关键词： Polymethyl methacrylate   Candida albicans   Computer-aided design   Acrylic resins   Surface properties  

摘要： Purpose:To evaluate whether Candida albicans adhesion differs between denture base resins fabricated using computer aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM;milled or 3D-printed) systems and those fabricated using conventional heat-polymerized resin (HPAR). Study selection:This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and PRISMA-Network Meta-Analyses (PRISMA-NMA) guidelines. The research question was, "For the fabrication of denture bases, are resins from the CAD/CAM system more prone to Candida albicans adhesion compared with conventional resins?" Searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilacs, and Embase, as well as through manual searches up to May 2025, with no language or date restrictions. The risk of bias was assessed using RoBDEMAT software. Surface roughness and contact angle were assessed using NMA. Results: The search identified 2960 records, of which 16 in vitro studies met the eligibility criteria. In four studies, HPAR was compared with milled resins;in ten, HPAR was compared with milled and 3D-printed resins, and only 3D-printed resins were evaluated in two. Overall, the milled resins exhibited lower C. albicans adhesion, whereas the 3D-printed resins exhibited higher adhesion in five studies. NMA did not significantly differ in surface roughness or contact angle between the resin types. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the in vitro evidence, CAD/CAM milled resins were less prone to Candida albicans adhesion than conventional and 3D-printed resins. NMA indicated that the resin type did not significantly influence the surface roughness or contact angle. Further clinical studies are required to validate these findings.

关键词： de novo coronary artery disease   drug-coated balloon   drug-eluting stents  

摘要： BACKGROUND Owing to the absence of a metallic scaffold, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with drug-coated balloons (DCBs) may cause less chronic inflammation and potentially reduce late complications compared with drug-eluting stents (DES). However, in the REC-CAGEFREE I study, the strategy of DCB angioplasty with rescue stenting failed to achieve noninferiority to intended DES implantation for treating de novo lesions at 2 years. OBJECTIVES This study sought to investigate the 3-year outcomes of the REC-CAGEFREE I trial and assess the mid-term effects of DCBs compared with DES. METHODS REC-CAGEFREE I was an open-label, randomized, noninferiority trial conducted across 43 sites in China. After successful lesion predilation, 2,272 patients with de novo coronary artery disease (regardless of target vessel diameter) were randomly assigned (1:1) to paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty with the option of rescue stenting (DCB arm) vs up-front deployment of second-generation thin-strut sirolimus-eluting stents (DES arm). The primary outcome was the device-oriented composite endpoint (DOCE;including cardiovascular death, target vessel myocardial infarction [TV-MI], and clinically and physiologically indicated target lesion revascularization [CPI-TLR]) assessed in the intention-to-treat population. The extended follow-up is ongoing and will continue for up to 10 years. RESULTS From February 5, 2021, to May 1, 2022, 1,133 patients were randomly assigned to the DCB arm and 1,139 to the DES arm. The median diameter of devices was at 3.00 +/- 0.46 mm. Rescue DES implantation after unsatisfactory DCB angioplasty was performed in 106 patients (9.4%). At 3 years, the DOCE occurred in 92 patients (8.2%) in the DCB arm and 56 (5.0%) in the DES arm (difference: 3.21%;95% CI: 1.17%-5.26%;P = 0.002). Landmark analyses showed that the rates of difference in the DOCE at 0 to 1, 1 to 2, and 2 to 3 years were 1.69% (95% CI: 0.32%-3.06%), 1.10% (95% CI:-0.13% to 2.32%), and 0.58% (9

关键词： Deep learning   medical imaging   multi-label classification   vision transformers   explainable AI (XAI)   Grad-CAM  

摘要： This study evaluates advanced deep learning models - specifically CNNs (EfficientNetB2 and DenseNet201) and transformers (DeiT and ViT) - for the multi-label classification of chest X-ray images, with a primary focus on AI model development and optimization. Using the small CheXpert dataset for training/validation and the original CheXpert test set for evaluation, the research addresses all 14 labels (12 thoracic pathologies, "No Findings," and "Support Device"), tackling the inherent challenges of overlapping pathologies in multi-label classification. While DeiT showed the highest performance, EfficientNetB2 was chosen for further refinement because it surpassed DenseNet201 on overall metrics and, along with DenseNet201, supports Grad-CAM for post-hoc explainability. Grad-CAM attention maps identified clinically relevant regions in correctly classified cases and pinpointed areas needing improvement in misclassified instances, thereby providing transparency into the models' decision-making processes. Overall, despite the limitations imposed by lower image resolution and task complexity, the study demonstrates the adaptability of these deep learning models and contributes to the development of trustworthy AI systems in medical imaging that effectively balance diagnostic accuracy with interpretability. Our proposed method achieved promising results with 0.81 accuracy, 0.79 AUC, and integrates explainable AI by providing visual explanations through attention maps using Grad-CAM to enhance model interpretability.