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关键词： Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction   Protein-ligand interaction   FGF21/FGFR1/βKlotho-FRS2α pathway   Molecular dynamics simulation   Zebrafish model   CAD   Coronary artery disease   TCM   Traditional Chinese Medicine   GXBD   AS   Atherosclerosis   MCs   Myocardial cells   FGF21   Fibroblast growth factor 21   FGFR1   Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1   βKlotho   Beta klotho   FRS2α   Factor receptor substrate 2α   AUF-LC-MS   Affinity-ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry   SD   Sprague-Dawley   PBS   phosphate-buffered saline   AF3   AlphaFold3   MD   molecular dynamics   FBS   fetal bovine serum   TBII   Timosaponin B II   Chl   Chrysophanol   Mac   Macrostemonoside   ISO   Isoproterenol   BD   Bio-affinity degree  

摘要：

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  Explored eleven potential ligands in the n-butanol fraction of Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction against FGFR1, βKlotho and FRS2α.
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  Revealed the interactions between part ligands and three protein targets.
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  Constructed the first interaction network to unveil the empirical use of the n-butanol fraction of Gualou-Xiebai-Banxia decoction.
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  Integrating AlphaFold3 predictions with molecular dynamics simulations for the FGFR1, βKlotho, and FRS2α protein complex.
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  Timosaponin BII exerts effects via the FGF21/FGFR1/βKlotho-FRS2α axis.

关键词： All-solid-state batteries   Cathode microstructure   Ionic percolation   Dry coating   Resonant acoustic mixing  

摘要：

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  Resonant acoustic mixing enables dry coating of solid electrolyte onto CAM.
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  RAM forms homogeneous cathode composites with boundary-associated and surface-adherent SE distributions.
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  RAM cathodes achieve stronger densification and lower porosity after pressing.
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  Effective ionic conductivity is enhanced by 83% versus ball milling.
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  Improved ionic percolation yields superior electrochemical performance.

关键词： Neurovascular unit   Cerebral edema   Molecular mechanisms   Drug target   NVU   neurovascular unit   ICP   increased intracranial pressure   BBB   blood-brain barrier   CNS   central nervous system   ZO-1   zona occludens-1   GLUT-1   glucose transporter 1   LAT-1   L-type amino transporters 1   LDH   lactate dehydrogenase   AQP4   aquaporin 4   IRF1   interferon regulatory factor 1   C3   complement 3   IL-6   interleukin-6   ISG15   interferon-stimulated gene 15   CSF   cerebrospinal fluid   PVS   perivascular spaces   ISF   interstitial fluid   VEGF   vascular endothelial growth factor   MMPs   matrix metalloproteinases   NKCC1   Na+ -K+ -2Cl- cotransporter 1   NHE1   Na+/H+ exchanger 1   SUR1-TRPM4   sulfonylurea receptor 1-transient receptor potential melastatin 4   ATP   adenosine triphosphate   CaMKII   calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II   PKA   protein kinase A   TNF-α   tumor necrosis factor-alpha   PNs   protein nanoparticles   NLRP3   NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3   TRPV4   transient receptor potential vanilloid 4   IL-1β   interleukin-1 beta   VCAM-1   vascular cell adhesion molecule-1   ICAM-1   intercellular adhesion molecule-1   ONOO   peroxynitrite   TRPM4   transient receptor potential melastatin 2   NF-κB   nuclear factor-κB   TBI   traumatic brain injury   MCAO   focal cerebral ischemia   LRRC8   leucine-rich repeat-containing 8   ASICs   acid-sensing ion channels   CaM   calmodulin   TFP   trifluoperazine   FoxO3a   Forkhead box O3   S1P   sphingosine-1-phosphate   COX-2   Cyclooxygenase-2   NMDA   N-methyl-D-aspartic acid   PPAR   peroxisome proliferators activated receptors   HMG-CoA   3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A   MLCK   myosin light chain kinase   CDK5   cyclin-dependent kinase 5   LDHAb   lactate dehydrogenase antibody   RIC   remote ischemic conditioning   HOP   hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning   FDA   food and drug administration  

摘要： Cerebral edema, a life-threatening accumulation of fluid in the brain parenchyma, is a common complication of neurological injuries that leads to elevated intracranial pressure and high mortality. Current mainstay treatments, primarily osmotic therapies offer only transient relief from symptoms without targeting the underlying pathophysiology and are hampered by significant side effects and a high rate of therapeutic refractoriness. Elucidating the precise molecular mechanisms that drive cerebral edema remains a significant challenge, which has critically limited the identification of viable drug targets and the subsequent development of effective interventions. This review reframes cerebral edema as a failure of multicellular communication within the neurovascular unit (NVU). It examines how disrupted NVU components drive the progression of cytotoxic, ionic, and vasogenic edema through interconnected pathways governing intercellular signaling, ion-water coupling, and glymphatic clearance. Finally, emerging therapeutic strategies are evaluated through the lens of NVU-centered pathophysiology, with emphasis on approaches that restore multicellular dialogue and phase-specific interventions informed by the dynamic evolution of cellular dysfunction after injury.

关键词： 穴盘苗   分苗装置   圆柱凸轮   高速移栽  

摘要： 分苗机构作为高效移栽系统的核心构件,其分苗速度与喂苗精度直接决定了移栽系统的整体作业性能。针对当前分苗装置中存在自动化程度低、喂苗精度差、损苗伤苗率高的问题,设计了一种基于多槽圆柱凸轮的等距分苗装置,能够在单次作业周期内实现多株幼苗的同步等距分苗,并根据栽植需求精准喂苗。装置主要由多槽圆柱凸轮变距机构、导苗筒、落苗筒、控制系统和固定机架构成。通过开展理论分析,对分苗装置中主要零部件进行结构设计与参数确定,搭建了穴盘苗分苗试验平台,在不同分苗速度下,开展分苗损伤试验。试验结果表明:随着分苗速度的提高,穴盘苗基质破损率略有上升;当分苗速度达到90株/(min⋅行)时,分苗装置仍能保持稳定、连续、无干涉作业,3类试验移栽作物(辣椒、甘蓝、青菜)的穴盘苗基质破损率均小于6%,表明该分苗装置能够满足目前多行全自动移栽机的分苗要求。

关键词： Measurement uncertainty   Digital Twin   Multi-sensor fusion   Geometric quality assessment   Heritage metrology   Point cloud accuracy   2D   Two-dimensional   3D   Three-dimensional   5G   Fifth Generation (mobile network)   AEC   Architecture, Engineering and Construction   AI   Artificial Intelligence   API   Application Programming Interface   AR   Augmented Reality   BD   Big Data   BFMP   Best Fit Model Profile(s)   BIM   Building Information Modeling   C2C   Cloud-to-Cloud (distance comparison)   CAD   Computer-Aided Design   CFD   Computational Fluid Dynamics   CI   Confidence Interval   CNN   Convolutional Neural Network   CPS   Cyber-Physical Systems   DT   EDS   Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy   EN   European Norm (European Standard)   FEA   Finite Element Analysis   FEM   Finite Element Method   FS   Factor of Safety (structural safety factor)   GAN   Generative Adversarial Network   GCS   Global Cartesian System   GIS   Geographic Information System   GUM   Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement   HBIM   Historic Building Information Modeling   HSI   Hyperspectral Imaging   HSI-VNIR   Hyperspectral Imaging – Visible and Near-Infrared   HVAC   Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning   ICP   Iterative Closest Point (registration algorithm)   IoT   Internet of Things   ISO   International Organization for Standardization   KPI   Key Performance Indicator   LCS   Local Cartesian System   LiDAR   Light Detection and Ranging   ML   Machine Learning   MMI   Multi-Modal Interactions   MP   Measurement Profile   MQTT   Message Queuing Telemetry Transport   NATO   North Atlantic Treaty Organization   PCA   Principal Component Analysis   QAPE   Quality Assurance Parametric Element   REST   Representational State Transfer (API)   RH   Relative Humidity   RMS   Root Mean Square   SfM   Structure from Motion (close-range photogrammetry)   SHM   Structural Health Monitoring   SLAM   Simultaneous Localization and Mapping   SLS   Structured Light 3D Scanner   SMACK, Spark   Mesos, Akka, Cassandra, Kafka (big-data technology stack)   T   Temperature   TD   Twin Dimension / Digital Twin   U   Expanded Measurement Uncertainty   UNE-EN   Spanish/European Standard (Norma Española – European Norm)   VIM   International Vocabula  

摘要：

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  Five DT domains for heritage: 3D, sensing, simulation, interaction, AI.
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  Artifacts become cyber-physical via HBIM, IoT, analytics, adaptive systems.
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  Uses: structural analysis, multispectral imaging, 3D, AI and Big Data.

关键词： Architectural plan computer-aided design (CAD) understanding   Visual question answering   Vision-language models  

摘要： Architectural plan computer-aided design (CAD) drawings constitute fundamental references for building whole life-cycle management. However, efficient querying, retrieval, and analysis of these drawings across departments are frequently hindered by persistent knowledge gaps among personnel, significantly undermining overall management efficacy. Visual question answering (VQA) technology, especially in the form of multimodal pretrained large models, has been widely adopted in image data management, significantly enhancing image analysis and retrieval capabilities. As specialized image data for professional use, architectural plan CAD drawings hold substantial potential for VQA-based analysis and retrieval. However, the absence of dedicated data sets and evaluation methods for semantic question and answering on architectural plan CAD drawings hinders the assessment and advancement of VQA applications in this domain. To address this gap, specialized data sets are urgently needed to support related research. To this end, this study first designs a structured question taxonomy for architectural plan CAD drawing VQA and establishes a multidimensional VQA database (ArchPlanVQA). Based on this framework, we further systematically evaluated the capabilities of current pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) in architectural spatial semantic parsing and engineering knowledge reasoning. The research reveals significant differences in color and texture characteristics, as well as semantic representations, between CAD-converted images and conventional daily life images;although the test shows that current general-purpose VLMs only achieve 33.03 to 37.88% semantic understanding accuracy. However, the evaluation results across different VLM architectures and frameworks demonstrate clear consistency, presented that the general-purpose VLMs have stable reasoning capabilities in semantic understanding tasks for architectural floor plan CADs. This paper provides foundational data and

关键词： CAD code generation   ReAct agent   Multimodal input   Large Language Models (LLMs)  

摘要：

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  A new agent creates three-dimensional models from text and sketches.
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  The agent refines vague ideas into clear design requirements through dialogue.
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  A new CAD code paradigm improves modeling accuracy and reduces errors during building.
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  Visual feedback helps the agent correct the model step by step during creation.
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  The system stores past designs to improve future modeling and knowledge reuse.

关键词： CAD   Digital manufacturing   Digital thread   Engineering data management   Interoperability   Model-based definition  

摘要： Machine-readable semantic information, including simulation settings, inspection configurations, machine parameters, process outcomes, and logs, is central to digital manufacturing because it enables automation, interoperability, data traceability, and adaptive reconfiguration across the product lifecycle. When anchored to specific geometric entities, such semantics transform product models into authoritative information carriers in which geometry, design intent, process knowledge, and lifecycle feedback remain persistently linked within a machine-readable dataset. This principle underlies Model-Based Definition (MBD), in which the CAD model serves as the single source of truth for realizing the digital thread. However, most engineering file formats either lack expressive machine-readable semantics or encode them in native, format-specific structures that are difficult to adapt, exchange, and reuse. This letter presents a conceptual framework for the eXtended Formats (X-Formats), a lightweight stand-off markup approach that links structured annotations to engineering carriers without modifying the original data. Semantics can be defined independently of the underlying carrier syntax, including STL, STEP, and DXF for CAD; PNG, JPEG, and DICOM for images; MP4 and MOV for videos; and GeoTIFF for geospatial data. These semantics are anchored to carrier-specific entities that can be detected through external entity-extraction mechanisms. X-Formats organize semantics into a three-level hierarchy of properties, layers, and schemas, which supports modular semantic dataset design and rapid customization across domains by adapting only carrier-specific entity types, descriptors, and anchoring rules. This letter introduces the core architectural principles, anchoring strategy, supporting tools, and broader implications of this novel product-centric approach to engineering data management.

关键词： Abiotic stress   Calmodulin   Calmodulin-like   Magallana gigas  

摘要： Ca²⁺ is a multifunctional second messenger that can regulate the activities of hormones and environmental signals related to biotic and abiotic stresses, playing a role in a wide range of cellular processes and influencing almost all aspects of life. In organisms, calmodulin (CaM) and calmodulin-like proteins (CML) can sense and decode the regulatory signals of Ca²⁺ through the EF-hand (a helix-loop-helix structure) domain. In this study, 7 CaM family members and 55 CML family members were identified in Magallana gigas. All MgCaM and MgCML genes distributed unevenly on 7 chromosomes, with 90% of the genes located on chromosomes 6 and 5. Furthermore, the expression of MgCaMs and MgCMLs was tissue-specific in M. gigas, and most of the genes expressed highly in gill, labial palp, adductor muscle and female gonad. Through the analysis of transcriptome data, it was found that the MgCaM and MgCML genes showed specific expression patterns in response to abiotic stress. When encountering heat-shock stress, different genes responded at different time points. In response to acidification stimulation, genes in the outer edge of mantle could respond to the stimulus obviously. The expression patterns of five representative genes were validated by RT-qPCR under acidification. This study systematically analyzed the characteristics of oyster CaM and CML gene families, revealing their crucial roles in the environmental adaptation mechanisms of M. gigas.

关键词： Mandibular osteoradionecrosis   Fibula free flap (FFF)   Patient-specific instrument (PSI)   CAD/CAM   Mandibular reconstruction   Technical feasibility  

摘要： Mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is challenging to reconstruct because irradiated tissues are fibrotic, poorly vascularized, and anatomically distorted. In segmental mandibular reconstruction, postoperative malalignment, particularly displacement of the residual mandibular segments and condyle, may compromise occlusion, function, and facial contour. A 74-year-old man developed advanced right mandibular ORN after chemoradiotherapy for oropharyngeal carcinoma. Conservative management failed, and segmental mandibulectomy with vascularized osseous reconstruction was indicated. Reconstruction was performed using a left fibula free flap guided by an in-housecomputer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM)-fabricated patient-specific instrument system. The system incorporated mandibular stabilizing bars, aligned screw holes, a fibular cutting guide, a fibular assembly guide, and a pre-bent titanium reconstruction plate. The mandibular guide was designed to preserve the spatial relationship between the residual mandibular segments during osteotomy and reconstruction, while the aligned screw-hole design facilitated transfer of the virtual surgical plan and reproducible plate positioning. Postoperative accuracy was assessed by three-dimensional superimposition of postoperative multi-detector computed tomography data onto the virtual surgical plan. The reconstructed fibular segment showed minor surface deviation, mostly within 3 mm, whereas the ipsilateral condyle showed medial displacement of approximately 7 mm. At 3 months, the patient maintained stable occlusion with a maximum mouth opening of 30 mm and no postoperative complications. This case demonstrates the technical feasibility of an in-house CAD/CAM-fabricated patient-specific instrument system for fibula free flap reconstruction in advanced mandibular ORN. However, this single case cannot determine whether these additional positioning features improve reconstruction accuracy or clinical outcomes compar