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关键词： Acute ischemic stroke   Lesion segmentation   Prognostic prediction   Structural causal model   Multi-modal  

摘要： Non-contrast CT (NCCT) serves as the frontline imaging modality for acute ischemic stroke assessment, yet its clinical potential is hindered by qualitative interpretation and overlooked causal relationships between imaging biomarkers and functional outcomes. We present CAM2-Net, a causally aware multi-modal multi-task network that jointly optimizes stroke lesion quantification and prognostic prediction by explicitly modeling causal pathways in NCCT and clinical data. The framework employs dual-path encoders to process multi-modal inputs, while addressing the critical challenge of spurious correlations through structural causal modeling. The framework introduces a causal ortho purifier for lesion quantification that suppresses non-causal imaging features through do-calculus-inspired orthogonalization, coupled with disentangled variational modeling for prognosis prediction to isolate clinically valid multi-modal interactions via latent intervention. It further incorporates a mixture-of-modality attention mechanism that dynamically weights cross-modal interactions according to their causal relevance. Experimental validation on multi-center datasets (public and proprietary) confirms improved lesion delineation and outcome prediction performance compared to existing methods, with ablation studies supporting the contribution of each causal component in the architecture.

关键词： Aroma quality monitoring   Interpretable CNN   Odor sensor   Tea processing   Visible near-infrared spectroscopy  

摘要： The accurate prediction of the withering degree is essential for ensuring the aroma quality of black tea. In this study, we present an innovative intelligent platform that integrates a carefully designed colorimetric sensor array (CSA) with visible near-infrared (VNIR) spectroscopy, powered by an interpretable deep learning model (convolutional neural network, CNN) to predict withering degrees. Specifically, eight dyes were selected from sixteen candidates based on correlation analysis (R² > 0.36). These dyes were drop-cast onto filter paper to create the CSA, which was used to capture key volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released during the withering of tea leaves. Spectral data from the CSA were collected and modeled to identify the different withering stages. To further enhance model interpretability, gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) was applied to highlight the spectral regions most relevant to classification. When compared to conventional models, the Grad-CAM-CNN demonstrated superior performance, achieving 99% accuracy and a computational efficiency of 0.0559 s/100 samples. This approach not only ensures the aroma quality of black tea but also provides an efficient, scalable, and cost-effective solution for real-time process control in tea manufacturing, with potential for adaptation to other food systems.

关键词： alpha-aminophosphonate   copper(II)   organometallic complexes   DFT study   microwave  

摘要： This study presents the rapid, efficient microwave-assisted synthesis of two novel copper(II) complexes with an alpha-aminophosphonate ligand. Microwave activation enabled us to avoid organic solvents, hazardous substances, and the extensive purification steps typically required by conventional methods. Additionally, these techniques significantly reduced reaction times. Spectroscopic analyses, including infrared (IR UV-visible, and X-ray diffraction (XRD as well as cyclic voltammetry, confirmed the structural characteristics of the synthesized compounds. To gain further insight into the structure and properties of the synthesized complexes, computational analyses were performed at the CAM-B3LYPD3BJ/6-31g(d,p) level of theory. These included Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) and Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) analysis.

关键词： ACE   Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor   BMI   Body mass index   BPM   Beats per minute   CAM   Cell adhesion molecule   CVD   Cardiovascular disease   DPP4i   Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor   FDM   Flow-mediated dilation   GLP-1ra   Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist   HbA1c   Hemoglobin A1c   ICAM-1   Intercellular adhesion molecule-1   LN   Natural logarithm   PAT   Peripheral arterial tonometry   RHI   Reactive hyperaemic index   SGLT-2i   Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor   T2DM   Type 2 diabetes mellitus   VCAM-1   Vascular adhesion molecule-1   Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor   Atherosclerosis   Type 2 diabetes   Endothelial function  

摘要：

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  Type 2 diabetes is linked to endothelial dysfunction and low-grade inflammation, key drivers of CVD.
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  Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist have proven CVD protection
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  Endothelial function and inflammatory markers may be affected by SGLT-2i or GLP-1ra
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  Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist improved endothelial function
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  Effects on inflammatory markers were heterogenous

关键词： Adaptive substepping explicit schemes   Consistent tangent operator   Elasto-plastic analysis   Runge–Kutta method  

摘要： Elasto-plastic finite element analysis relies on constitutive integration at the material-level and nonlinear iteration at the global-level. Adaptive substepping explicit integration schemes exhibit high accuracy, efficiency, and robustness in constitutive computations, but have long suffered from the lack of a rigorous consistent tangent operator (CTO), which is essential for achieving quadratic convergence of Newton–Raphson iterations. This study presents a systematic derivation of the CTO for adaptive substepping explicit Runge–Kutta methods, accounting for its evolution during yield surface intersection, adaptive substepping, and drift correction, thereby enabling fully algorithmic linearization. An explicit recursive formulation is derived to update the CTO throughout the substepping process. For the Modified Cam Clay model, an improved scheme for computing the yield surface intersection point is proposed, significantly enhancing computational efficiency. Numerical results from element tests and finite element simulations demonstrate that the proposed method achieves global quadratic convergence.

关键词： Bioactive compounds   Climate change   C:N ratio   Photosynthesis   Stress   AMF   arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi   CAM   crassulacean acid metabolism   C   carbon   CO2   carbon dioxide   C:N   carbon:nitrogen ratio   DPPH   2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl   FRAP   ferric reducing antioxidant power   IPCC   Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change   MDA   malondialdehyde   N   nitrogen   PAL   phenylalanine ammonia lyase   PPM   parts per million   PGPR   plant growth promoting rhizobacteria   POD   peroxidase   RuBisCO   ribulose-1,5-biphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase   RuBP   ribulose-1,5 biphosphate   SOD   superoxide dismutase activity  

摘要：

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  Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) levels are increasing due to climate change.
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  Elevated CO₂ alters photosynthetic rates and resource allocation for secondary metabolites.
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  Changes in secondary metabolite profiles affect the therapeutic potency of medicinal plants.
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  These changes are species specific as well as organ and tissue specific.
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  Higher temperatures further modify the plant’s response to elevated CO₂.

关键词： Pulmonary arterial hypertension   Metabolic reprogramming   Mitochondrial dysfunction   Vascular remodeling   Right ventricular dysfunction   Immune cells   2-ME   2-methoxyestradiol   5-HT   5-hydroxytryptamine   5-LO   5-lipoxygenase   16αOHE   16α-hydroxyestrone   α-KG   α-ketoglutarate   AA   arachidonic acid   ACE2   angiotensin-converting enzyme 2   AMPKα2   adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase α2   Arg2   arginase 2   ATO   atorvastatin   ATP   adenosine triphosphate   BPTES   Bis-2-(5-phenylacetamido-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)ethyl sulfide   C3   complement proteins 3   CAD   carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase   CaSR   calcium-sensing receptor   CD36   cluster of differentiation 36   CFB   complement factor B   CFD   complement factor D   CFs   cardiac fibroblasts   cGMP   cyclic guanosine monophosphate   CHCHD4   coiled-coil-helix-coiled-coil-helix domain protein 4   CLIC   chloride channel   CNP   C-type natriuretic peptide   CPT1   carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1   CRTH2   chemoattractant receptor homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells   CtBP1   C-terminal binding protein-1   CTLs   cytotoxic T cells   CXCL   C-X-C motif chemokine ligand   CXCR   C-X-C motif chemokine receptor   DAMPs   damage-associated molecular patterns   DAPK   death-associated protein kinase   Ddx5   DEAD-box protein 5   DHPS/DOHH-eIF5A   deoxyhypusine synthase/deoxyhypusine hydroxylase -mediated eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A   E2-ERβ   17β-estradiol-estrogen receptor β   ECM   extracellular matrix   EETs   epoxyeicosatrienoic acids   Egln1   Egl-9 Family Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1   ENO1   encoding enolase 1   ERAs   endothelin receptor antagonists   ET-1   endothelin-1   FABP4   fatty acid-binding proteins 4   FAO   fatty acid oxidation   FAS   fatty acid synthase   FIS1   fission 1   FOLR1   folate receptor 1   FoxO3   forkhead box O3   GC-B   guanylyl cyclase B   GLS1   glutaminase 1   GLS2   glutaminase 2   GLUD1   glutamate dehydrogenase 1   GLUT1   glucose transporter 1   GLUT4   glucose transporter 4   HDAC   histone deacetylase   HIF-1α   hypoxia-inducible factor 1α   HK2   hexokinase 2   HMGB1   high-mobility group box 1   IL-17   interleukin-17   IPAH   idiopathic PAH   IUGR   intrauterin  

摘要： Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a severe, progressive hemodynamic disorder characterized by pathological pulmonary vascular remodeling and right ventricular dysfunction, in which metabolic reprogramming is recognized as a pivotal pathogenic mechanism driving disease progression. This review synthesizes the metabolic pathways, key regulatory targets, and therapeutic implications underlying PAH pathogenesis, focusing on the major cell types involved in its pathogenesis: dysfunctional pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (PAECs), abnormally proliferating pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), activated pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts (PAAFs), infiltrating immune cells, and right ventricular cardiomyocytes (RVCMs) that undergo compensatory remodeling to counteract increased pressure overload. The primary highlight is its cell-specific analytical framework, which systematically delineates shared metabolic hallmarks and distinct cell-type-specific mechanisms. Shared metabolic features across these cell populations include enhanced aerobic glycolysis, impaired mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and dysregulated amino acid metabolism. Cell-specific mechanisms encompass dysfunction of PAECs, phenotypic switching of PASMCs, PAAFs-mediated adventitial fibrosis, metabolic inflexibility of RVCMs, and inflammatory polarization of immune cells. By integrating these multifaceted findings, the review provides critical insights into the metabolic underpinnings of PAH, emphasizing cell-specific metabolic regulation as a strategy for targeted therapy to reverse vascular remodeling, mitigate right ventricular dysfunction, and improve clinical outcomes.

关键词： Additive manufacturing   Cranial reconstruction   Dimensional accuracy   Mechanical properties   PEKK   Thermal management   AM   Additive Manufacturing   CAD   Computer Aided Design   CAM   Computer Aided Manufacturing   CFR   Carbon Fiber Reinforced   CMF   Craniomaxillofacial   CNC   Computer Numerical Control   CT   Computed Tomography   DICOM   Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine   DfAM   Design for Additive Manufacturing   ICC   Intraclass Correlation Coefficient   ISO   International Organization for Standardization   MEX   Material Extrusion   PAEK   Polyaryletherketone   PEEK   Polyetheretherketone   Polyetherketoneketone   PLA   Polylactic Acid   PMMA   Polymethylmethacrylate   POC   Point of Care   PSI   Patient-Specific Implant   RMSE   Root Mean Square Error   SLS   Selective Laser Sintering   STL   Standard Tessellation Language  

摘要：

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  CFR-PEEK MEX showed superior manufacturing reproducibility over CNC-milled PEEK for patient-specific cranial implants.
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  Fiber reinforcement reduced edge-localized deviations in MEX implants, improving spatial uniformity over unfilled PAEK.
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  MEX PAEK implants showed controlled layer-interface fracture, unlikebrittle stellate fracture in cast PMMA implants.
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  All materials sustained loads over 1000 N, exceeding clinical strength requirements for cranial reconstruction.

关键词： Stem cells   Pluripotent   Immunomodulation   Nanotechnology   3D bioprinting   2D   Two-Dimensional   3D   Three-Dimensional   3DP-HCC   3D bioprinting hepatocellular carcinoma   ABCG2   ATP-Binding Cassette Sub-Family G Member 2   AI   Artificial Intelligence   AKT   AK strain Transforming   ALDH   Aldehyde Dehydrogenase   APC   Adenomatous Polyposis Coli   AXL   AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase   BBB   Blood Brain Barrier   B220   CD45R (Mouse B Cell Marker)   BCSCs   Breast Cancer Stem Cells   BMSCs   Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells   BRACA   Breast Cancer gene   CAD   Computer-Aided Design   CAFs   Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts   CAR   DNc Antigen Receptor   CAR-T   Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell   CC   Cervical Cancer   CD   Cluster of Differentiation   CDK   Cyclin-Dependent Kinase   CE   Carboxylesterase   c-Kit   Proto-Oncogene Receptor Tyrosine Kinase   c-MET   Mesenchymal – Epithelial Transition factor   CNS   Central Nervous System   CSCs   Cancer Stem Cells   CRISPR   Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats   CXCL2   Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2   CXCL12   Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12   CXCR4   C-X-C Chemokine Receptor Type 4   CT   Computed Tomography Scan   DNA   Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid   Dox   Doxorubicin   DOX-TPP   Doxorubicin-triphenylphosphonium   ECM   Extracellular Matrix   EGFR   Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor   EMT   Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition   EpCAM   Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule   ESCs   Embryonic Stem Cells   EVs   Extracellular Vesicles   5-FC   5- Fluorocytosine   FACS   Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting   GBM   Glioblastoma Multiforme   GDEPT   Gene – targeted Enzyme Prodrug Treatment   GERD   Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease   Gr-1   Granulocyte Differentiation Antigen 1   HER2   Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2   Hh   Hedgehog Signaling   HPV   Human Papillomavirus   HPSCT   Hematopoietic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation   HSCs   Hematopoietic Stem Cells   HSCT   Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation   HSV-TK   Herpes Simplex Virus Thymidine Kinase   HUVEC   Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells   HWJ-MSCs   Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells   iPSCs   Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells   JAK/STAT   Janus Kinase – Signal Transducer an  

摘要： Stem cell-based therapies have revolutionized oncology by harnessing the regenerative and immunomodulatory properties of mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and cancer stem cells to target tumors with precision. This review elucidates therapeutic mechanisms, including paracrine signalling via exosomes, tumor-homing capabilities, and differentiation into antitumor effectors, which supress proliferation, induce apoptosis, and modulate the tumor micro-environment. Conventional therapies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy often suffer from systemic toxicity, off-target effects, multidrug resistance, and limited efficacy against metastatic or heterogeneous tumors. Stem cell therapies, while promising, face challenges such tumorigenicity, immune rejection, and scalability issues. Nanotechnology amplifies these strategies through engineered nanoparticles for enhanced stem cell delivery, such as lipid-based or polymeric nanoparticles loaded with chemotherapeutic agents, siRNA, or CRISPR-Cas9 for gene editing. These systems improve bioavailability, overcome multidrug resistance, and enable ROS-responsive pH-sensitive release, minimising off-target effects. Synergies emerge from combining stem cells with nanoparticles and immunotherapies like CAR-T cells or checkpoint inhibitors, fostering immune activation and vascular normalization. Clinical trials demonstrate improved outcomes in glioblastoma, breast, persist. Future directions emphasize biomaterial scaffolds and AI-optimised nanoparticles designs for personalized oncology. This integration promises transformative, multifaceted interventions against heterogeneous cancers.

关键词： AI   artificial intelligence   CAD   coronary artery disease   CCTA   coronary computed tomography angiography   CT-FFR   CT-derived fractional flow reserve   FFR   fractional flow reserve   ICA   invasive coronary angiography   iFR   instantaneous wave-free ratio   QCA   quantitative coronary angiography   QUADAS-2   Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2   SROC   summary receiver operating characteristic   Artificial intelligence   Coronary CT angiography   Fractional flow reserve   Diagnostic accuracy   Meta-analysis  

摘要： Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is widely used to evaluate suspected coronary artery disease (CAD), but its ability to determine the functional significance of coronary stenoses remains limited. Artificial intelligence (AI)-enhanced CCTA has emerged as a promising noninvasive approach to improve ischemia assessment.