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关键词： Solid modeling   Reliability   Medical diagnostic imaging   Chatbots   Visualization   Brain modeling   Databases   Large language models   multi-modality system   medical dialogue   computer-assisted diagnosis  

摘要： The integration of Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) with Large Language Models (LLMs) presents a promising frontier in clinical applications, notably in automating diagnostic processes akin to those performed by radiologists and providing consultations similar to a virtual family doctor. Despite the promising potential of this integration, current works face at least two limitations: (1) From the perspective of a radiologist, existing studies typically have a restricted scope of applicable imaging domains, failing to meet the diagnostic needs of different patients. Also, the insufficient diagnostic capability of LLMs further undermine the quality and reliability of the generated medical reports. (2) Current LLMs lack the requisite depth in medical expertise, rendering them less effective as virtual family doctors due to the potential unreliability of the advice provided during patient consultations. To address these limitations, we introduce ChatCAD+, to be universal and reliable. Specifically, it is featured by two main modules: (1) Reliable Report Generation and (2) Reliable Interaction. The Reliable Report Generation module is capable of interpreting medical images from diverse domains and generate high-quality medical reports via our proposed hierarchical in-context learning. Concurrently, the interaction module leverages up-to-date information from reputable medical websites to provide reliable medical advice. Together, these designed modules synergize to closely align with the expertise of human medical professionals, offering enhanced consistency and reliability for interpretation and advice. The source code is available at GitHub.

关键词： ceramic CAD-CAM crowns   fracture strength   hybrid composite CAD-CAM crown   preformed zirconia crown   primary molars   zirconia CAD-CAM crown  

摘要： Background: Paediatric-preformed zirconia crowns have been associated with several issues, primarily their inability to be crimped and the need for extensive tooth preparation. Additionally, the capacity to adjust the size, shape, and fit of these crowns is very limited. Aim: To evaluate and compare the fracture strength of four different types of dental crowns intended for paediatric patients. Design: The fracture resistance of four types of paediatric crowns was evaluated using the universal testing machine;freshly extracted primary molars received one of the following: preformed zirconia crowns, custom-made computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) zirconia crowns, custom-made CAD-CAM ceramic crowns, and custom-made CAD-CAM hybrid composite crowns. Data were statistically compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Bonferroni test, and the level of significance was set at 5%. Results: Results showed that there was a statistically significant difference among the four groups (p < .001). The highest value of fracture force was observed for the milled zirconia crown and the lowest for the prefabricated zirconia. Conclusion: The implementation of the CAD-CAM digital crown fabrication technique has the potential to address issues associated with preformed crowns in paediatric patients, particularly in terms of fracture resistance.

关键词： AISF   Sheet forming   Sheet metal components   Toolpath   CAM  

摘要： center dot Asymmetric Incremental Sheet Forming (AISF) is an unconventional forming technology that involves localized and progressive plastic deformation of the sheet using a tool, typically a punch, which follows a continuous and numerically controlled path. Due to its specific characteristics and advantages, such as flexibility and relatively low implementation cost, it is considered a technology with high potential to produce competitively small series of sheet metal components. However, there are still some challenges, such as the lack of specific CAM tools for this technology, which have hindered its industrialization. Although the process may appear simple, with a 3D path sufficient to transform the original flat sheet into the final part, it has been observed that the manufacturing of real designs requires extensive knowledge of the technology to choose the appropriate path based on the target geometry. In this regard, this study presents a new solution developed by Tecnalia that incorporates expert process knowledge and enables automatic programming of Incremental Forming paths. Specifically, the solution allows programming paths aimed at manufacturing different geometric features commonly found in sheet metal components. This development has been validated through the manufacturing of several parts in a robotic cell implemented at the Southeast University in Nanjing.

关键词： Bearing fault diagnosis   Explainable artificial intelligence   Feature extraction   Vibration   Condition monitoring  

摘要： This study aims to enhance bearing fault diagnosis by integrating eXplainable Artificial Intelligence technology, emphasizing improved accuracy and interpretability in vibration data analysis. In the initial phase, vibration data undergo transformation into spectrograms through short time Fourier transform analysis, followed by the application of the Grad-CAM algorithm to extract interpretable features, thus enhancing diagnostic precision. Subsequently, the second phase capitalizes on data that have undergone inverse transformation, highlighting features through reduced variance for outlier detection and bearing fault differentiation. The validity of this method is corroborated by analysis of datasets from the University of Ottawa and CWRU, affirming its versatility across diverse fault scenarios. The outcomes validate the methodology's capability in accurately differentiating between healthy and fault conditons, linking outlier frequencies to fault severity, and enhancing model interpretability through Grad-CAM visualizations. Despite certain constraints, this methodology signifies a progressive stride in precise and interpretable bearing fault diagnosis, heralding advancements in its application to industrial contexts.

关键词： Editorials   heart   myocardium   perfusion   positron-emission tomography  

关键词： Coronary artery disease   xanthine dehydrogenase   genetic variants   personalized treatment   molecular modelling   molecular dynamics simulation  

摘要： Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) contributes significantly to generating reactive oxygen species in coronary artery disease (CAD). XDH has been proposed as a therapeutic target, but its genetic variants could affect protein structure and drug response. We aimed to assess protein structure modification occur due to genetic variants and to screen 215 CAD drugs for their utility in personalized CAD treatment against the XDH variants. A series of computational methods were implemented to identify pathogenic variants that cause XDH structure instability localized at the conserved regions contributing to functional significance. Then, the XDH structures with the pathogenic variants were modeled using two different approaches to select the best models for docking with the CAD drugs. Finally, the stability of the docked complexes and their ability to transfer electrons were evaluated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) calculation. Among 751 variants examined;R149C and Q919R showed high pathogenicity, localized in conserved regions could alter protein structure and function. Further, docking of CAD drugs against XDH (native, R149C and Q919R) showed vericiguat with higher affinity, ranging from -7.95 kcal/mol to -10.41 kcal/mol, than the well-known XDH inhibitor (febuxostat, -5.73 kcal/mol to -8.35 kcal/mol). This indicates that vericiguat will be effective in CAD treatment, regardless of the XDH variants. Additionally, MD simulation and QM/MM confirmed vericiguat stability and electron transfer ability to form hydrogen bonds with the XDH protein. In conclusion, vericiguat will be beneficial for the personalized treatment of CAD by inhibiting XDH variants. Additional clinical studies are necessary to confirm our findings.

关键词： acetaminophen   CAD   cell-free DNA   DNase I  

摘要： Cell-free DNA (cfDNA), the DNA in the blood circulation, is a useful markerfor diagnosing hereditary diseases and tumors. However, the mechanisms underlying the generation of cfDNA are not completely understood. We previously studied DNases [Caspase-activated DNase (CAD), DNase1L3, and DNase I] and reported that in acetaminophen-induced liver necrosis, DNase1L3 was the main endonuclease generating cfDNA, with CAD playing a supporting role. In this study, we generated triple-gene knockout (TKO) mice, Cad-/-DNase1L3-/- DNase1-/-, and found that DNase I also contributed to cfDNA generation. Given that a defect in DNase1L3 or DNase I is involved in autoimmune diseases, TKO mice would be useful as a disease model and tool for identifying the in vivo roles of endonucleases.

关键词： abscisic acid signalling   age inducible Crassulacean acid metabolism   Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)   drought stress   genomics   Nanopore sequencings   transcriptomics  

摘要： Despite the increasing number of well-studied plant species with well-annotated genomes across plant life, there are few densely sampled genera with more than a couple of genome sequences representing the diversity of whole genera. Here, we develop an economic approach to full-genome sequencing that could be used to sequence many species within a genus. We made use of the Nanopore rapid sequencing kit to assist in plant genome assembly, dramatically reducing the cost. Here we applied this method to cost-effectively develop genomic resources for Kalancho & euml;blossfeldiana, a commercially important ornamental, in which Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM), a water-conserving mode of photosynthesis can be induced. We present a physiological and biochemical characterisation of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana with its nuclear and chloroplastic genome and a comparative C3, CAM dusk transcriptome. We apply this approach to a complex tetraploid genome, making use of a relative species for chromosomal scaffolding to reduce assembly ploidy, we provide a resource for future gene expression studies. We highlight its limitations, e.g. the need for deeper sequencing to accurately resolve genome structure and haplotypes without using a relative species for scaffolding. T he study demonstrates the merits of K. blossfeldiana as a comparative system for studying C3 and CAM within a plant and has identified substantial changes in the dusk transcriptome between young C3 and mature CAM K. blossfeldiana leaves in response to age-induced CAM, and shows that in the absence of abiotic stress, CAM induction still involves the engagement of drought and abscisic acid (ABA) response pathways.