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关键词： 1-MeIm   1-methylimidazole   4-PAMBA   4-benzylaminobenzeneboronic acid   5-HMF   5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural   AAD   alditol acetate derivatization   AI   artificial intelligence   Ac2O   acetic anhydride   AND   aldononitrile acetate derivatization   Ara   arabinose   CAD   charged aerosol detector   CCS   collision cross-section   CO2   carbon dioxide   CZE   Capillary Zone Electrophoresis   DAD   diode array detector   DMSO   dimethyl sulfoxide   ELSD   evaporative light scattering detector   FID   flame ionization detector   FLD   fluorescence detector   Fru   fructose   FTIR   Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy   Fuc   fucose   Gal   galactose   GalA   galacturonic acid   GalN   galactosamine   GC   gas chromatography   GC × GC–TOF–MS   Two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry   Glc   glucose   Glc-6-P   glucose 6-phosphate   GlcA   glucuronic acid   GlcN   glucosamine   GlcNAc   N-acetyl-glucosamine   Glc-ol   glucitol   HCl   hydrochloric acid   HILIC   hydrophobic interaction liquid chromatography   HMDS   hexamethyldisilazane   H2O   water   HPAEC   high-performance anion exchange chromatography   HPLC   high-performance liquid chromatography   H2SO4   sulfuric acid   IM–MS   ion mobility-mass spectrometry   MALDI–MS/MS   matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry   Man   mannose   ManN   mannosamine   ManNAc   N-acetyl-mannosamine   Man-ol   mannitol   CH3I   methyl iodide   MeOH   methanol   MeOH-HCl   hydrochloride-methanol   MRM   multiple reaction monitoring   MS   mass spectrometry   NaBH4   sodium borohydride   NaOH   sodium hydroxide   Neu5Ac   N-acetylneuraminic acid   NH₃·H₂O   ammonium hydroxide   NH₂OH-HCl   hydroxylamine hydrochloride   NMR   nuclear magnetic resonance   NPs   nanoparticles   PABA   p-aminobenzoic acid   PAD   pulse amperometric detector   PDA   photo-diode array   PMP   1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone   QQQ–MS   triple quadrupole mass spectrometry   Rha   rhamnose   Rib   ribose   RID   refractive index detector   RPLC   reversed-phase liquid chromatography   TFA   trifluoroacetic acid   TMCS   trimethylchlorosilane   TMS   trimethylsilyl   TMSA   trimethylsilyl-alditol   TMSD   trimethylsilyl-dithioacetal   UHPSFC   ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography   UPLC   ultr  

摘要：

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  It covers the entire workflow of monosaccharide analysis, from polysaccharide hydrolysis to accurate quantification.
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  It compares the performance differences and applicable scenarios between derivatization and non-derivatization methods.
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  It provides targeted practical guidance based on monosaccharide types and actual analytical needs.

关键词： Computer-aided design   Generative artificial intelligence   3D model generation   Mechanical engineering   Design automation  

摘要： Computer-aided design (Cad) solid modeling lies at the core of product design in mechanical engineering, enabling designers to transform conceptual design ideas into precise, parametric, 3D Cad models. Automating solid modeling has the potential to accelerate engineering workflows, foster innovation, and lower barriers to design for non-expert users. Recently, increasing efforts are being devoted to leveraging learning-based methods to address this challenge. To the best of our knowledge, no existing survey provides a comprehensive overview of learning-based methods for 3D Cad model generation, nor addresses their applications in mechanical engineering. For that reason, we survey literature comprising state-of-the-art, learning-based methods for 3D Cad model generation, with particular emphasis on their relevance to mechanical engineering. Based on the type of input to the respective methods, we define three tasks and classify the literature accordingly: Cad Generation, Cad Reconstruction, and Cad Reverse Engineering. To provide a structured and comprehensive overview, we further organize the literature according to its types of output and the methodologies applied. Additionally, this survey highlights current research gaps, including limitations in fine-grained user control and geometric detail preservation, and discusses potential directions for future research. Finally, we present one potential use case for each of the aforementioned tasks in the mechanical engineering workflow, aiming to bridge the gap between existing methods and real-world applications. These use cases include design space exploration, quality control, and data enhancement.

关键词： CAD-CAM   Maryland   Survey   Digital technologies   Dentists  

摘要： This is a cross-sectional survey, investigating the adoption of Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology among general dentists working in private practices. It explores the prevalence of restorative CAD-CAM utilization and describes self-reported perceptions of the technology.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease   Vision Transformer   Poly-Focal Loss   MRI   Grad-CAM plus plus  

摘要： Early classification of Alzheimer's disease (AD) stages remains challenging because of subtle morphological differences, overlapping cognitive symptoms, and class imbalance across diagnostic groups. This study presents ADViTX++, a Vision Transformer (ViT)-based framework for five-class AD classification using subject-level axial MRI images from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). The preprocessing pipeline includes HD-BET-based skull stripping, denoising, unsharp masking, background cropping, resizing, and normalization. Three loss functions, namely Sparse Categorical Cross-Entropy (SCE Polynomial Cross-Entropy (Poly-CE and Polynomial Focal Loss (Poly-Focal were evaluated to examine class-imbalance handling at the loss-function level. In the 80:20 subject-level hold-out experiment, Poly-Focal achieved 98.31 % accuracy, 98.35 % weighted precision, 98.31 % weighted F1-score, 98.63 % average sensitivity, and 99.57 % average specificity. Additional subject-level 5-fold cross-validation with five random seeds was conducted to assess stability across data partitions. Grad-CAM++ was adapted to ViT patch-token representations and applied after inference to provide qualitative visual explanations of image regions contributing to model predictions. The results indicate that ADViTX++ provides competitive performance for this dataset, while further external validation is required before clinical use.

关键词： Biogenic amines   Cheese broth   Amino acid catabolism   Lactic acid bacteria (LAB)   Enterobacteriaceae   Buffering capacity   Cheese ripening   Proteolysis   Food microbiology   Ala   alanine   Arg   arginine   Asn   asparagine   Asp   aspartic acid   Cys   cysteine   Glu   glutamic acid   Gly   glycine   His   histidine   Ile   isoleucine   Leu   leucine   Lys   lysine   Met   methionine   Orn   ornithine   Phe   phenylalanine   Pro   proline   Ser   serine   Thr   threonine   Trp   tryptophan   Tyr   tyrosine   Val   valine   CAD   cadaverine   HIS   histamine   PHE   2-phenylethylamine   PUT   putrescine   TRY   tryptamine   TYR   tyramine  

摘要：

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  Cheese-derived media differently modulated microbial biogenic amine metabolism.
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  Buffering capacity strongly influenced pH evolution and metabolic responses.
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  Absence of residual sugars shifted metabolism toward amino acid catabolism.
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  Cheese matrix composition affected BA accumulation more than microbial taxonomy.
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  In vitro BA-producing/degrading phenotypes were partially reshaped in cheese broths.

关键词： Anthocyanins   MAPK Signaling Pathway   JNK/p38 Inhibition   ERK1/2 Activation   Inflammaging   Chronic Diseases   Clinical Trials   4-HHE   4-Hydroxyhexenal   Aβ   Amyloid beta-protein   Amyloid β-protein   ACNs   AD   Alzheimer‘s disease   ADP   Adenosine diphosphate   AGEs   Advanced glycation end products   AI   Artificial intelligence   ALI   Acute lung injury   AMPK   AMP-activated protein kinase   An-NPs   Anthocyanin-loaded nanoparticles   AP-1   Activator protein-1   ApoA-I   Apolipoprotein A-I   ApoB   Apolipoprotein B   APP   Amyloid precursor protein   ARDS   Acute respiratory distress syndrome   ARPE-19   Human retinal pigment epithelial cell line   ASK1   Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1   BACE1   Beta-secretase 1   Bax   Bcl-2-associated X protein   BBT   Black soybean testa extract   Bcl-2   B-cell lymphoma 2   BDNF   Brain-derived neurotrophic factor   C3G   Cyanidin-3-glucoside   C35G   Cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside   C3OG   Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside   C3OR   Cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside   CAD   Coronary artery disease   CAT   Catalase   CBE   Chinese bayberry extract   CCL2   Chemokine ligand 2   CDRE   Cyanidin- and delphinidin-rich extract   CEC   Cholesterol efflux capacity   CERAD   Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer ‘s Disease   C/EBPα   CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha   COMT   Catechol-O-methyltransferase   COX-2   Cyclooxygenase-2   CREB   cAMP response element-binding protein   CRP   C-reactive protein   CVD   Cardiovascular disease   CXCL5   Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5   CXCL7   Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7   CXCL8   Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8   D3G   Delphinidin-3-glucoside   D3OR   Delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside   DHA   Docosahexaenoic acid   DUSP1   Dual-specificity phosphatase 1 (also known as MKP-1)   DTC   direct-to-consumer   eNOS   Endothelial nitric oxide synthase   ECM   Extracellular matrix   EGFR   Epidermal growth factor receptor   ERK   Extracellular signal-regulated kinase   EU   European Union   FAK   Focal adhesion kinase   FBG   Fasting blood glucose   GLUT4   Glucose transporter type 4   GlycA   Glycoprotein acetyls   GPx   Glutathione peroxidase   GSH   Glutathione   GSK3β   Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta   HA   Hyaluronic acid   HbA1c   Glycated hemoglobin   HDL-C   High-density lipoprote  

摘要：

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  Anthocyanins (ACNs) achieves health promoting effect through MAPK pathway.
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  Health promoting effect of ACNs was validated from basic research to clinical trial.
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  Structure-activity relationship between ACNs and health benefit effects was unveiled.
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  Some health benefit products based on ACNs have been developed.
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  Future studies focus on pharmacokinetic advance of ACNs in drug-delivery approach

关键词： Alzheimer's disease   CHA   DNA breathing   Lateral flow   miR-106b-5p  

摘要： The early, non-invasive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a significant clinical challenge. MicroRNAs carried by L1CAM-immunocaptured small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in blood, particularly miR-106b-5p, have emerged as promising candidate biomarkers for AD. However, their detection requires methods that are sensitive, specific, stable, and suitable for point-of-care (POC) applications. Catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) combined with lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) offers a potential POC solution, but its practical application is limited by high background leakage caused by “DNA breathing” and poor probe stability. Herein, we propose an integrated POC platform that combines immunomagnetic enrichment of L1CAM-positive sEVs with a novel “Fold-Adsorb-Block-Immobilize-Lyophilize” (FABIL) process for CHA probe stabilization. The FABIL process utilizes magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) to adsorb and physically separate hairpin probes (H1 and H2), thereby suppressing nonspecific hybridization and generating lyophilized CHA microspheres with room-temperature stability. When integrated into a lateral flow test strip, the FABIL-NE-miR platform achieves a visual detection limit of 10 fM and a liquid-phase limit of detection of 1.14 fM, overcoming the traditional trade-off between low background and high sensitivity. Clinical validation using 100 serum samples, including 32 AD cases and 68 non-AD controls, demonstrated that FABIL-NE-miR outperformed traditional low-background CHA systems, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.9563, a sensitivity of 90.63%, and a specificity of 94.12%. Overall, the FABIL-NE-miR platform enables rapid visual detection of low-abundance AD-associated miRNAs from L1CAM-immunocaptured sEV fractions. By addressing key challenges such as background leakage and probe instability, this study provides a practical tool for AD screening and supports the feasibility of the FABIL strategy as a universal platform for next-generation nucleic acid

关键词： ANOVA   Analysis of Variance   CAD   Coronary Artery Disease   CCK-8   Cell Counting Kit-8   CXCL4   C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 4   DEG   Differentially Expressed Gene   ELISA   Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay   GO   Gene Ontology   H&E   Hematoxylin and Eosin   HIIT   High-Intensity Interval Training   IL-6   Interleukin 6   ITGAM   Integrin Subunit Alpha M   LAD   Left Anterior Descending Artery   LVEF   Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction   LVFS   Left Ventricular Fractional Shortening   M-CSF   Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor   MI   Myocardial Infarction   MICT   Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training   MMP7   Matrix Metalloproteinase 7   PBMC   Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell   PF4   Platelet Factor 4   PPI   Protein-Protein Interaction   RT-qPCR   Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction   SD   Standard Deviation   Sed   Sedentary   siRNA   Small Interfering RNA   TNF-α   Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha   WGA   Wheat Germ Agglutinin   Cardiac Rehabilitation   Macrophage  

摘要：

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  Intense interval training confers robust cardioprotection post-infarction.
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  The training specifically attenuates pathogenic M4 macrophage polarization.
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  This cardioprotection is mediated by targeted downregulation of ITGAM.
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  Targeting ITGAM rescues cardiomyocytes from macrophage-induced apoptosis.

关键词： Hybrid nanogenerators   Piezoelectric–triboelectric energy harvesting   Electrically stimulated drug release   Self-powered wound healing   Chick embryo CAM model   Angiogenesis  

摘要：

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  Hybrid nanogenerator–hydrogel system for self-powered therapy
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  Lead-free CABB HNG enabling dual-mode energy harvesting
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  Electrical stimulation enhances drug release and healing response.
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  CAM model confirms improved wound healing and angiogenesis.
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  Demonstrates potential for self-powered smart wound dressings

关键词： PDAC   pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma   OS   overall survival   PNI   perineural invasion   ACh   acetylcholine   NE   norepinephrine   EMT   epithelial-mesenchymal transition   CHRNA5   cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 5   DEGs   differentially expressed genes   KEGG   Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes   GO   Gene Ontology   GSEA   Gene Set Enrichment Analysis   FBS   fetal bovine serum   DMEM   Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium   SPF   specific pathogen-free   LGBM   LightGBM   RF   Random Forest   MCC   Matthews correlation coefficient   AUC   area under the receiver operating characteristic curve   SHAP   SHapley Additive exPlanations   EGF   epidermal growth factor   bFGF   basic fibroblast growth factor   BSA   bovine serum albumin   DAB   3,3′-diaminobenzidine   CSC   cancer stem cell   CAM   calmodulin   CaMKII   calcium-calmodulin CaM-dependent protein kinase II   TIR   tumor inhibition rate   HCC   hepatocellular carcinoma   ICC   intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma   GEO   Gene Expression Omnibus   IFN-γ   interferon-gamma   CHRM1   cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1   tumor immune microenvironment   tumor malignancy  

摘要：

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  CHRNA5 is identified as the key cholinergic receptor driving PDAC progression.
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  CHRNA5 silencing suppresses tumor growth and reshapes the microenvironment.
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  CHRNA5 converts “hot” PDAC tumors into “cold” via CaMKII/AKT/NF-κB-CCL20 axis.