课程文献中心 更多>>

关键词： Heart failure   Anticoagulation   Antiplatelet   Gastrointestinal bleed   GIB   gastrointestinal bleeding   GI   gastrointestinal   HF   heart failure   CAD   coronary artery disease   AF   atrial fibrillation   NOACs   non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants   NSAIDs   non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs   RE-LY trial   randomized evaluation of long-term anticoagulant therapy   IQR   interquartile range   EMRs   electronic medical records   EF   ejection fraction   BUN   blood urea nitrogen   INR   international normalized ratio   BNP   brain natriuretic peptide   ICU   intensive care unit   DAPT   dual antiplatelet therapy   SAPT   single antiplatelet therapy   EGD   esophagogastroduodenoscopy   AVMs   arteriovenous malformations   PPIs   proton pump inhibitors   H2RAs   histamine H2-receptor antagonists   LDA   low-dose aspirin   RCTs   randomized controlled trials   FDA   food and drug administration   P-CABs   potassium-competitive acid blockers  

摘要： AbstractBackgroundThe frequency and risk factors for gastrointestinal bleed (GIB) in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have not been extensively researched. ObjectiveWe aim to assess the frequency of GIB in this subset of patients and identify potential risk factors for bleeding. This study will evaluate the frequency of commonly used antiplatelet and anticoagulation agents in the HFrEF population, as well as look at some of the endoscopic features of the GIB. MethodsA retrospective cohort analysis of 670 patients admitted between November 2021 to August 2023 to a single urban, tertiary teaching institution with acute HFrEF ICD-10 codes. Upper or lower GIB (hematemesis, coffee ground emesis, melena or hematochezia during admission) was identified on a manual chart review. Patients with GIB were defined as our cases. No GIB was defined as our controls. Sub analysis included comparing the use of anticoagulant and antiplatelet between the cohort. Independent t test assessed statistical differences in the case and control groups ResultsOut of the 670 patients, 134 (20%) were identified with GIB. The cases were older than the controls (median age 77 vs. 70 years) (p = 0.001), had a lower hemoglobin (9 g/dL vs. 12 g/dL) (p =<0.05), and had higher BNP levels (7,938 pg/ml vs. 6472 pg/ml) (IQR: 3,239, 23,701) (p =<0.01). Among the anticoagulant users, 64% of cases were on an anticoagulant compared to 42% of the controls (p<0.05). Among the antiplatelet users, 68% of the controls were on one or more antiplatelet agents, compared to 52% in the controls (p = 0.01). When combining AC and AP treatment, there was no statistical difference between cases and controls. Ninety-three (69%) patients from cases had cross-sectional imaging with only 23 (25%) showing abnormal findings which included diverticulosis, colitis, and GI masses. When comparing upper endoscopy findings, the presence of esophageal diseases (esophagitis and esophageal varices) and ga

关键词： All-cause mortality   Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease   Dietary intake   Magnesium   Type 2 diabetes   AP   the attributable proportion because of the interaction   ASCVD   atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease   BMI   body mass index   CAD   coronary artery disease   CVD   cardiovascular disease   DAG   directed acyclic graph   eGFR   estimated glomerular filtration rate   HbA 1c   glycated hemoglobin   IS   ischemic stroke   Mg   magnesium   NHS   the national health service   PAD   peripheral arterial disease   RCS   restricted cubic spline   RERI   the relative excess risk because of the interaction   TDI   townsend deprivation index  

摘要： AbstractBackgroundThe association between dietary magnesium (Mg) intake and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the associations of dietary Mg intake with the risk of ASCVD events and mortality in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. MethodsA total of 149,929 participants (4603 with type 2 diabetes) from the UK Biobank were included in the analyses. The hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox proportional hazard models. Furthermore, interactions of dietary Mg intake with type 2 diabetes status were examined on multiplicative and additive scales. ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 12.0 and 12.1 years, 7811 incident ASCVD events and 5000 deaths (including 599 ASCVD deaths) were documented, respectively. There were significantly negative associations between sufficient dietary Mg intake (equal to or greater than the recommended daily intake) and the risk of ASCVD incidence (HR 0.63 [95 % CI 0.49;0.82]), ASCVD mortality (0.45 [0.24;0.87]), and all-cause mortality (0.71 [0.52;0.97]) in participants with type 2 diabetes, whereas no significant association was observed in participants without type 2 diabetes (1.01 [0.94;1.09] for ASCVD incidence; 1.25 [0.93;1.66] for ASCVD mortality; 0.97 [0.88;1.07] for all-cause mortality). Multiplicative and additive interactions of dietary Mg intake with type 2 diabetes status were both observed. ConclusionSufficient dietary Mg intake was significantly associated with lower risks of ASCVD events and mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes but not in those without type 2 diabetes. Our findings provide insight into the importance of dietary Mg intake for reducing modifiable cardiovascular burden in individuals with type 2 diabetes, which may inform future personalized dietary guidelines.

关键词： CAD   Geometric modeling   GPU computing   Lattice structures   Meta-meshing   Triangulation  

摘要： Lattice structures have been widely used in applications due to their superior mechanical properties. To fabricate such structures, a geometric processing step called triangulation is often employed to transform them into the STL format before sending them to 3D printers. Because lattice structures tend to have high geometric complexity, this step usually generates a large amount of triangles, a memory and compute-intensive task. This problem manifests itself clearly through large-scale lattice structures that have millions or billions of struts. To address this problem, this paper proposes to transform a lattice structure into an intermediate model called meta-mesh before undergoing real triangulation. Compared to triangular meshes, meta-meshes are very lightweight and much less compute-demanding. The meta-mesh can also work as a base mesh reusable for conveniently and efficiently triangulating lattice structures with arbitrary resolutions. A CPU+GPU asynchronous meta-meshing pipeline has been developed to efficiently generate meta-meshes from lattice structures. It shifts from the thread-centric GPU algorithm design paradigm commonly used in CAD to the recent warp-centric design paradigm to achieve high performance. This is achieved by a new data compression method, a GPU cache-aware data structure, and a workload-balanced scheduling method that can significantly reduce memory divergence and branch divergence. Experimenting with various billion-scale lattice structures, the proposed method is seen to be two orders of magnitude faster than previously achievable. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： biomarkers   myocardial injury   sudden cardiac death   troponin   ventricular arrhythmias   AMI   acute myocardial infarction   BMI   body mass index   CAD   coronary artery disease   CRP   C-reactive protein   cTnT   cardiac troponin T   CV   coefficient of analytical variation   DM   diabetes mellitus   eGFR   estimated glomerular filtration rate   GDF-15   growth differentiation factor 15   HF   heart failure   ICD   implanted cardioverter-defibrillator   IL-6   interleukin 6   LVEF   left ventricular ejection fraction   NT-proBNP   N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide   SCD   VA   ventricular arrhythmia   VF   ventricular fibrillation   VT   ventricular tachycardia  

摘要： Cardiac troponins (cTns) and biomarkers of inflammation are elevated in heart failure (HF) and predict cardiovascular risk. Whether these biomarkers associate with risk of ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) is unclear.

关键词： Cardiovascular disease   Cardiovascular risk   Cholesterol   High-density lipoprotein   Mortality   CAD   coronary artery disease   CHD   coronary heart disease   CV   cardiovascular   CVD   cardiovascular disease   EPCs   Endothelial progenitor cells   HDL-C   high-density lipoprotein cholesterol   HR   Hazard ratio   LDL-C   Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol   LLAs   Lipids-lowering agents   PROSPERO   International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews   QUIPs   Quality In Prognosis Studies  

摘要： Recent research has raised questions about the assumed cardiovascular (CV) benefits of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and the potential for adverse outcomes with extremely high levels.

关键词： OBE理念   成果导向   服装CAD   混合式教学  

摘要： 随着教育技术的发展和教育理念的更新,以成果为目标导向的OBE理念逐渐受到广泛关注。以《服装CAD》课程为研究对象,探讨了基于成果导向教育理念的混合式教学改革与实践。对于课程背景与存在的问题进行了深入分析,基于OBE理念反向设计课程目标,优化课程设计和评价方法,旨在提升学生的学习主动性,促进知识学习的内化与综合能力的提升。

关键词： Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia   Global longitudinal strain   Myocardial contrast echocardiography   Myocardial blood flow   Deep neural network   2D   Two-dimensional   ANOCA   Angina and nonobstructive coronary artery disease   AUC   Area under the curve   CAD   Coronary artery disease   CAG   Coronary angiography   CMD   Coronary microvascular dysfunction   ConvLSTM   Convolutional long short-term memory   CSIMI   Conventional stress-induced myocardial ischemia   DNN   Deep neural network   GLS   Global longitudinal strain   HADS   Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale   ICC   Interclass correlation coefficient   IQR   Interquartile range   LVEF   Left ventricular ejection fraction   LVGLS   Left ventricular global longitudinal strain   MBF   Myocardial blood flow   MCE   Myocardial contrast echocardiography   MI   Mechanical index   MSIMI   Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia   PET   Positron emission tomography   PSS   Perceived Stress Scale   ROC   Receiver operating characteristic   ROI   Region of interest   RPP   Product of heart rate and blood pressure  

摘要： The utility of radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging including positron emission tomography (PET) for diagnosing mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is clinically restricted. This study aims to assess the diagnostic performance of novel echocardiographic techniques, including automated strain and quantitative myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) with dedicated software and deep neural network model, for MSIMI detection. The secondary objective was to explore the correlation between changes in myocardial blood flow and MSIMI.

关键词： HCM   Machine learning   miRNAs   miRs   Transcriptomics   ACE2   Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2   ACTB   Actin Beta   ANP   Atrial Natriuretic Peptide   AUC   Area Under Curve   BNP   Brain Natriuretic Peptide   CA3   Carbonic Anhydrase III   CAD   Coronary Artery Disease   CC   Connected Components   CCT3   Chaperonin Containing TCP1 Subunit 3   CDK2   Cyclin Dependent Kinase 2   CENPA   Centromere Protein A   CLIC6   Chloride Intracellular Channel 6   CTNNB1   Beta-catenin 1   CTRL   Control group   DNM2   Dynamin 2   DVL2   Dishevelled Segment Polarity Protein 2   EIF4E   Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factor 4E   ERBB2   Erb-B2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase 2   ERK   Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinases   FRZB   Frizzled-Related Protein   G2/M   Gap 2/Mitosis phase   GTPase   Guanosine Triphosphate Hydrolase   H3   Histone 3   HCM   Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy   Has   Homo Sapiens   LCC   Largest Connected Component   LMOD2   Leiomodin 2   MAPK   Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase   miRNA (miR)   microRNA   ML   Machine Learning   NTRK   Neurotrophic Tropomyosin-receptor Kinase   PCNA   Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen   PES1   Pescadillo Ribosomal Biogenesis Factor 1   PI3K   Protein Kinase B   AKT   Ak Strain Transforming   PIK3CA   Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-Bisphosphate 3-Kinase Catalytic Subunit Alpha   PIK3IP1   Phosphoinositide-3-Kinase Interacting Protein 1   PROS1   Protein S   PTBP1   Polypyrimidine Tract Binding Protein 1   RAC1   Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 1   RAS   Rat Sarcoma Virus   RASD1   Ras-Related Dexamethasone Induced 1   RASL11B   RAS-Like Family 11 Member B   RELA   v-Rel Reticuloendotheliosis Viral Oncogene Homolog A   Rho   Ras Homologous   RHOA   Ras homologous A   ROC   Receiver Operating Characteristic   RPS15   Ribosomal Protein S15   RTK6   Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinase   S100A9   S100 Calcium Binding Protein A9   SERPINA3   Serine Proteinase Inhibitor A3   SFRP   Secreted Frizzled-Related Proteins   SMOC2   SPARC-Related Modular Calcium Binding 2   SP1   Specificity Protein 1   TGF-β   Transforming growth factor β   THBS4   Thrombospondin 4   TPM3   Tropomyosin 3   VAMP8   Vesicle Associated Membrane Protein 8   VEGF   Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor   VEGFA   Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A   Wnt   W  

摘要： AbstractBackgroundHypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a widespread hereditary cardiac pathology characterized by thickened heart walls and rearrangement of cardiomyocytes. Despite extensive research, the mechanisms underlying HCM development remain poorly understood, impeding the development of effective therapeutic and diagnostic strategies. Recent studies have suggested a polygenic nature of HCM development alongside monogenic forms. Transcriptomic profiling is a valuable tool for investigating such diseases. In this study, we propose a novel approach to study regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) in the context of HCM, utilizing state-of-the-art data analysis tools. Methods and resultsOur method involves applying the Monte Carlo simulation and machine learning algorithm to transcriptomic data to generate high-capacity classifiers for HCM. From these classifiers, we extract key genes crucial for their performance, resulting in the identification of 16 key genes. Subsequently, we narrow down the pool of miRNAs by selecting those that may target the greatest number of key genes within the best models. We particularly focused on miR-124-3p, which we validated to have an association with HCM on an independent dataset. Subsequent investigation of its function revealed involvement of miR-124-3p in the RhoA signaling pathway. ConclusionsIn this study we propose a new approach to analyze transcriptomic data to search for microRNAs associated with a disease. Using this approach for transcriptomic profiling data of patients with HCM, we identified miR-124-3p as a potential regulator of the RhoA signaling pathway in the pathogenesis of HCM.

关键词： Attention mechanism   Class activation maps (CAMs)   CNN   Contrastive learning   Multi-stage transfer learning   Multi-tasking   Supervised learning   Yoga pose classification  

摘要： In this paper, we propose a technique for hierarchical yoga pose classification (YPC) in a multi-stage multi-tasking framework. We propose a three-stage transfer learning based end-to-end training methodology. Novelty lies in (a) proposed supervised contrastive combined loss function for stage-1 training, (b) proposed Encoder–Decoder network architecture with attention mechanism for stage-3 training, (c) proposed spatial context aware multi-tasking combined loss function for stage-3 training. Firstly, for stage-1 training, we propose the usage of linear combination of three loss functions: cross-entropy, self-supervised contrastive loss and supervised contrastive loss in a multi-tasking manner. We introduce radial and cosine margin into the formulation of self-supervised and supervised contrastive loss to pull feature embeddings of same class closer together compared to feature embeddings of different classes. Weights learned over stage-1 training are subsequently fine-tuned over cross-entropy multi-tasking loss in stage-2. These stage-2 weights are transfer learned and are further fine-tuned in stage-3 training. For stage-3 training, we propose the usage of spatial context aware multi-tasking combined loss function. This loss function leverages on the fine-grained spatial features obtained from HiResCAM. These are processed in parallel with features obtained from XGrad-CAM (sensitivity and conservation axioms satisfying features) to further supervise the learning of hierarchical yoga pose classifier. We exemplify our methodology on the publicly available Yoga-82 large-scale dataset. We report peak Top-1 YPC accuracy of 95.89% over 6 pose classes (Yoga-6), 93.85% over 20 pose classes (Yoga-20) and 90.0% over 82 pose classes (Yoga-82). Our proposed method achieves 6.1% improvement over Top-1 classification accuracy in Yoga-6 hierarchy, 9.3% improvement in Yoga-20 hierarchy and 10.9% improvement in Yoga-82 hierarchy in comparison with state-of-the-art (SOTA) methodolo

关键词： Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis   Conversion to surgery   HRQoL   Major curve progression   Patient-tailored 3D-printed brace   Prospective cohort study   3DPB   3D-printed brace   AIS   Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis   CAD   Computer-aided design   CAM   Computer-aided manufacturing   EQ-5D   European 5-dimensional health table   HRQoL   Health-related quality of life   LL   Lumbar lordosis   PUTH   Peking University Third hospital   SRS   Scoliosis Research Society   SOSORT   Society on Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment   TLSO   Thoracolumbosacral orthosis   TK   Thoracic kyphosis  

摘要： To evaluate the efficacy and safety of patient-tailored 3D printed brace in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and to compare the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients treated with 2 different types of brace.