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关键词： digital transformation   3D spatial data   underground utilities plan   smart construction technology  

摘要： The traditional construction industry has predominantly relied on labor-intensive methods, resulting in significantly lower efficiency and productivity compared to other industries. According to a report by the Korea Productivity Center (KPC), the productivity of the construction industry is approximately 24.5% lower than that of the manufacturing sector and 15.7% lower than that of the service sector, highlighting a significant productivity gap. To enhance efficiency and productivity in the construction sector, the South Korean government, led by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, has announced a policy aimed at achieving 100% adoption of smart construction technologies by 2025. In this paper, we propose a methodology for standardizing the format of underground utilities plan drawings by incorporating 3D coordinates, shapes, and attribute information to facilitate the digital transformation of construction site data. Furthermore, we introduce a standardized approach for extracting data from these drawings and converting them into 3D spatial data in the GeoJSON (Geographic JavaScript Object Notation) format. The experimental results of the technology for processing structured drawings into 3D spatial data demonstrated that all data were successfully converted without any omissions.

关键词： Trojan horses   Integrated circuits   Timing   Standards   Security   Hardware   Side-channel attacks   CAD   hardware security  

摘要： Static or leakage power, which is especially prominent in advanced technology nodes, enables so-called static power side-channel attacks (S-PSCAs). While countermeasures exist, they often incur considerable overheads. Besides, hardware Trojans represent another threat. Although the interplay between static power, down-scaling of technology nodes, and the vulnerability to S-PSCA is already established, an important detail was not covered yet: the role of the components at the heart of this sensitive interplay, the standard cells. Here, we study this intricate relationship for two commercial 28 and 65 nm technologies, using a commercial-grade integrated circuit design setup, and under realistic power consumption, performance, and area (PPA) objectives. Specifically, we study how threshold-voltage (VT) tuning of standard cells impacts the resilience of representative AES and PRESENT cipher hardware, including versions with established countermeasures. Our proposed CAD framework enables a security-versus-PPA-aware design-space exploration. Contrary to the belief that high-performance designs are generally more vulnerable to S-PSCA, we find that timing constraints and the distribution of different VT cells are more pivotal factors. Furthermore, we discover that attackers can deploy highly effective and stealthy S-PSCA-based Trojans, all without any gate overheads or any timing violations.

关键词： Coleoptera   assemblage   aquatic mammal   forensic entomology   necrophilous predators  

摘要： Carrion beetles from the corpse of a neotropical otter from Jalisco, Mexico are described, including Creophilus maxillosus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Satphylinidae), Saprinus sp. 1, Saprinus sp. 2 (Histeridae) and Necrobia rufipes (Fabricius, 1781) (Cleridae). These beetles are usually recognized as part of the necrocolous (associated with carrion) assemblages of beetles around the world.

关键词： Aquaporin   Bromeliaceae   CAM   Epiphyte   Nitrogen   Water deficit  

摘要： The leaves of Guzmania monostachia, a tank epiphytic bromeliad, present a functional division: the base performs water and nutrient uptake through absorbing trichomes, while the apex presents higher photosynthetic activity and nitrogen (N) assimilation. Drought conditions induce Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) in the apex portion, with N nutrition influencing this process. Ammonium (NH4+) induces higher CAM activity, reducing greater water loss compared to nitrate (NO3-). Aquaporins play a crucial role in regulating membrane permeability in leaf tissues under drought. This study aimed to evaluate how different N sources (NO3- and NH4+) in combination with drought affect the diurnal gene expression of aquaporins along the leaf blade of G. monostachia. Detached leaves were immersed in 30% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 6000 solution containing NO3- or NH4+ for 7 days. Leaf apexes and bases were harvested at dawn and dusk. At dawn, NH4+ improved water conservation and upregulated the expression of five aquaporin genes in the apex compared to NO3-, including GmNIP5;1. In the leaf base at dawn, GmNIP5;1 was the most upregulated gene by NH4+, suggesting its involvement in NH4+ transport to the apex, intensifying CAM and other aquaporin genes' expression under drought. At dusk, NH4+ led to pronounced downregulation of TIPs and NIPs than NO3- in both leaf portions, possibly ensuring lower membrane permeability and higher water retention during drought. These results offer valuable insights for future studies on the functions of aquaporins in drought tolerance and nitrogen-use efficiency in plants.

关键词： CNC machine tool   swinging rod type   push rod type   CAM tool changing mechanism  

摘要： The core mechanism of existing CNC tool changers is typically a single composite cam swinging rod linkage. This setup has two main drawbacks: amplified vibration errors and high impact forces due to the swinging rod. To address these, this study focuses on CNC tool changers, specifically selecting the up-and-down motion follower and proposing a novel double composite cam push rod type mechanism. Solid modeling for both mechanisms was conducted using Creo and Matlab, and theoretical modeling of the contact forces for each follower type was completed. Comparative analysis shows the push rod follower exhibits lower contact forces than the swinging rod. Using the Adams platform, the dynamic characteristics of both mechanisms were analyzed, leading to an optimized design for the push rod type. An experimental model, scaled to 0.5, was built to compare experimental data with simulation results. The findings verify the accuracy of the models, supporting the feasibility of the push rod type tool changer.

关键词： photodynamic therapy   AGuIX   glioma   glioblastoma multiforme   CAM   EPR oximetry  

摘要： Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common highly aggressive, primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Current experimental strategies include photodynamic therapy (PDT) and new drug delivery technologies such as nanoparticles, which could play a key role in the treatment, diagnosis, and imaging of brain tumors. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of PDT using AGuIX-TPP, a polysiloxane-based nanoparticle (AGuIX) that contains TPP (5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine), in biological models of glioblastoma multiforme and to investigate the vascular mechanisms of action at multiple complexity levels. Methods: PDT effects were studied in monolayer and spheroid cell culture, as well as tumors in chicken chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) and in mice were studied. Results: Treatment was effective in both endothelial ECRF and glioma U87 cells, as well as in the inhibition of growth of the glioma spheroids. PDT using AGuIX-TPP inhibited U87 tumors growing in CAM and destroyed their vascularization. The U87 tumors were also grown in nude mice. Their vascular network, as well as oxygen partial pressure, were assessed using ultrasound and EPR oximetry. The treatment damaged tumor vessels and slightly decreased oxygen levels. Conclusions: PDT with AGuIX-TPP was effective against glioma cells, spheroids, and tumors;however, in mice, its efficacy appeared to be strongly related to the presence of blood vessels in the tumor before the treatment.

关键词： care   chronic conditions   diabetes   Vietnam  

摘要： This article explores family caregiving in Vietnamese households affected by type 2 diabetes. Drawing on existential phenomenology and on fieldwork conducted in northern Vietnam, I develop the concept of care calibrations as a tool to understand how family members respond socially and morally to the needs for care that diabetes confronts them with. The concept of care calibrations highlights how chronic care is undertaken as an ethical endeavor within domestic environments characterized by multiple care needs. The article explores how caregivers find their bearings in complex care situations by looking toward dominant moral standards while also adjusting pragmatically to the contingencies of domestic lives, placing themselves in others' situations. On this ethnographic basis, the article calls for more sustained anthropological attention to the social implications of human capacities for sympathetic co-living and particularly to the intermediate realm between selves and others where capacities for moral imagination reside.

关键词： CAD models   Point cloud fitting   Geometrically smooth surfaces   Spline basis   Isogeometric analysis  

摘要： Next generation CAD/CAE systems shall integrate design and analysis procedures as a means to simplify workflows, boost performance, and speed up time to market. In the present paper we demonstrate a proof of concept of such a unification using subdivision surfaces and the enabling technology of isogeometric analysis. In particular, we present a complete pipeline to convert CAD models into smooth G1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$G<^>1$$\end{document} spline representations, which are suitable for isogeometric analysis. Starting from a CAD boundary representation of a mechanical object, we perform an automatic control cage extraction by means of quadrangular faces, such that its limit Catmull-Clark subdivision surface approximates accurately the input model. We then compute a basis of the G1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$G<^>1$$\end{document} spline space over the quad mesh in order to carry out least squares fitting over a point cloud, acquired by sampling the original CAD geometry. The resulting surface is a collection of B & eacute;zier patches with G1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$G<^>1$$\end{document} regularity. Finally, we use the basis functions to perform isogeometric analysis simulations of realistic PDEs on the reconstructed G1\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{

关键词： CaM   CAMTA3   in vitro transcript inoculation   VSR   WYMV  

摘要： Wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV) causes severe viral wheat disease in Asia. The WYMV P1 protein encoded by RNA2 has viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR) activity to facilitate virus infection, however, VSR activity has not been identified for P2 protein encoded by RNA2. In this study, P2 protein exhibited strong VSR activity in Nicotiana benthamiana at the four-leaf stage, and point mutants P70A and G230A lost VSR activity. Protein P2 interacted with calmodulin (CaM) protein, a gene-silencing associated protein, while point mutants P70A and G230A did not interact with it. Competitive bimolecular fluorescence complementation and competitive co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that P2 interfered with the interaction between CaM and calmodulin-binding transcription activator 3 (CAMTA3), but the point mutants P70A and G230A could not. Mechanical inoculation of wheat with in vitro transcripts of WYMV infectious cDNA clone further confirmed that VSR-deficient mutants P70A and G230A decreased WYMV infection in wheat plants compared with the wild type. In addition, RNA silencing, temperature, ubiquitination and autophagy had significant effects on accumulation of P2 protein in N. benthamiana leaves. In conclusion, WYMV P2 plays a VSR role in N. benthamiana and promotes virus infection by interfering with calmodulin-related antiviral RNAi defense.