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关键词： Artificial intelligence   Infectious pulmonary disease   Chest radiograph   Computer aided detection   Initial stage of pandemic  

摘要： To investigate the potential application of existing artificial intelligence (AI) software in diagnosing COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) and other pneumonia-related radiographic findings with the unprecedented challenge by COVID-19 pandemic, leveraging pre-trained commercial AI software originally designed for detecting pulmonary nodules in chest radiographs, we assessed its performance using public dataset comprising chest radiographs collected during the early stages of pandemic. The software demonstrated promising results, achieving a sensitivity of 86.83% and a specificity of 59.59% in detecting pneumonia features, including those caused by COVID-19. Considering only posterior-anterior (PA) radiographs, AI software exhibited improved performance, with sensitivity 89.16% and specificity 67.41%. The findings suggest the AI CAD software could serve as a triage for initial screening of infectious pulmonary diseases, especially in regions with limited access to advanced medical resources. This study underscores the importance of promptly adapting existing AI CAD to address urgent healthcare needs during infectious disease outbreaks.

关键词： CAM   CPM   Physical therapy   Knee replacement   Range of motion   TKR  

摘要： IntroductionRehabilitation following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) includes various therapeutic interventions, such as continuous active motion (CAM) and continuous passive motion (CPM). This meta-analysis aimed to compare the effects of CAM and CPM on pain, function, and range of motion post-TKA, focusing on the early postoperative *** systematic literature search was conducted in databases including Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, and CINAHL to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing CAM and CPM post-TKA. Studies were required to include at least two postoperative measurements and combine the interventions with standard physiotherapy. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the JBI appraisal tool, and statistical analysis was performed on suitable *** RCTs involving 501 patients were included. Meta-analysis indicated significant pain reduction and improved functional outcomes with CAM compared to CPM, particularly in postoperative pain assessments. CAM showed advantages in functional tests, including the Sit-to-Stand and Timed-Up-and-Go tests. However, no significant differences were found for active and passive range of motion (ROM). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) showed high heterogeneity, limiting clear *** demonstrates significant benefits in pain reduction and functional recovery compared to CPM following TKA. However, variability in outcome measures and intervention protocols limits comparability across studies and therefore generalizability. CAM's requirement for active patient engagement may present practical challenges, while CPM's standardization allows for easier integration into routine postoperative care.

关键词： zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate   PEEK   endocrown   additive manufacturing   thermocycling   marginal adaptation   fracture resistance  

摘要： The restoration of endodontically treated teeth remains a clinical challenge, particularly when substantial coronal tissue loss is present. Endocrowns fabricated using CAD/CAM technologies offer a conservative and esthetic alternative to conventional post-core systems;however, their long-term performance may be influenced by age-related mechanical and thermal stresses. This study evaluated the effect of thermomechanical aging on the marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of endocrowns fabricated from three CAD/CAM materials: zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS), polyetherether ketone (PEEK), and 3D-printed resin. Sixty extracted human molars were endodontically treated and restored with endocrowns produced from these materials (n = 20 per group) and then subdivided into aged (n = 10) and control (n = 10) subgroups. Thermomechanical aging involved 5000 thermal cycles between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C, and 75,000 mechanical loading cycles at 50 N. Marginal gaps were examined using scanning electron microscopy, and fracture resistance was tested under axial load at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (alpha = 0.05). Thermomechanical aging significantly increased the marginal gaps in all materials (p < 0.05). The smallest marginal discrepancies were observed in the 3D-printed resin group, while the largest occurred in the ZLS after aging, likely due to dimensional changes during crystallization. Fracture resistance decreased in ZLS (-21.2%) and 3D resin (-20.9%) after aging (p < 0.05) but was not significantly affected in PEEK (-5.4%, p = 0.092). Thermomechanical aging adversely affects marginal adaptation across all materials, whereas its impact on strength is material-dependent. PEEK demonstrated the most stable mechanical performance and may represent a promising alternative for long-term endocrown restorations.

关键词： precipitation   aerosol wet deposition   global climate models   convection parameterization   super-parameterization  

摘要： Highlights What are the main findings? CAM5 significantly overestimates light convective rainfall frequency and underestimates heavy convective precipitation, leading to a distorted convective-to-stratiform precipitation ratio in the tropics. Biased precipitation partitioning causes CAM5 to overestimate aerosol wet removal by convective and light rain, resulting in systematic errors in aerosol deposition fluxes across types and sizes. What are the implications of the main findings? The misrepresentation of wet deposition in conventional GCMs like CAM5 leads to underestimation of aerosol lifetime and continental aerosol burdens, potentially distorting aerosol-climate forcing estimates. Improving convective parameterizations to ensure physically consistent model physics is essential for reliable projections of aerosol impacts on climate and air *** What are the main findings? CAM5 significantly overestimates light convective rainfall frequency and underestimates heavy convective precipitation, leading to a distorted convective-to-stratiform precipitation ratio in the tropics. Biased precipitation partitioning causes CAM5 to overestimate aerosol wet removal by convective and light rain, resulting in systematic errors in aerosol deposition fluxes across types and sizes. What are the implications of the main findings? The misrepresentation of wet deposition in conventional GCMs like CAM5 leads to underestimation of aerosol lifetime and continental aerosol burdens, potentially distorting aerosol-climate forcing estimates. Improving convective parameterizations to ensure physically consistent model physics is essential for reliable projections of aerosol impacts on climate and air *** Wet deposition is a major sink for atmospheric aerosols, but its representation in conventional global climate models (GCMs) remains highly uncertain, partly as a result of the partitioning between convective and stratiform precipitation. Using the Super-parameteri

关键词： delta 13C   abiotic stress   C3-CAM   CAM inducibility   climate-chamber experiment   Crassulaceae   diurnal acid rhythm   minimum leaf conductance   molecular phylogeny   succulence  

摘要： Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) is a highly plastic photosynthetic pathway with ecological and evolutionary significance, ranging from weak inducible to strong obligate forms. While most Crassulaceae taxa may be capable of performing CAM, the Macaronesian genus Aichryson has not traditionally been associated with CAM. We integrate phylogenetic, physiological, isotopic, anatomical and bioclimatic data to investigate the distribution, plasticity and evolutionary history of CAM and related traits in Aichryson. Our study includes all 15 accepted species, combining over 1100 occurrence records, carbon isotope (delta 13C) data, nocturnal acid titration and a CAM performance experiment under temperature and drought gradients. Multivariate analyses of bioclimatic variables show clear ecological differentiation among the Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands, with life form strongly associated with climatic niche. Annual species are generally restricted to cooler, wetter climates, while the perennial A. tortuosum lineage, endemic to the arid eastern Canaries, exhibits increased succulence, lower minimum leaf conductance and higher CAM performance. Ancestral state reconstruction of delta 13C data suggests that the ancestor of Aichryson possessed a predominantly C3 physiology with low-level CAM capacity, from which independent shifts towards stronger CAM expression or reversions to predominant C3 photosynthesis occurred in response to local climatic conditions. Our CAM performance experiment revealed pronounced interspecific differences in nocturnal acid accumulation and plasticity. Some annuals, such as A. bollei, exhibited high CAM inducibility under stress, while others, like A. dumosum, maintained low Delta H+ across treatments, likely reflecting relaxed selection in mesic habitats. These physiological traits align with environmental niche and life history, supporting two main strategies: fast-growing annuals with flexible CAM and slow-growing perennials with more constitu

摘要： Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most prevalent form of pancreatic cancer, has a 5-year survival rate of 9 %. PDX1 is an important transcription factor for embryonic development of the pancreas, pancreatic endocrine lineage differentiation, and maintenance of mature pancreatic β-cells. In PDAC patients, PDX1 expression is downregulated in tumor cells compared to adjacent non-tumoral tissue. On the other hand, a higher PDX1 expression has been shown to improve the overall survival rate in PDAC patients. Therefore, our aim was to analyze the role of PDX1 on the phenotype of PDAC cells. To induce PDX1 expression, PANC-1 cells, derived from a human PDAC tumor, were treated with BRD7552 (a PDX1 inducer). Overexpression of PDX1 was confirmed by Western Blot analysis and no cytotoxic effects were observed by MTT reduction or Trypan Blue exclusion assays. Cell confluence assay and BrdU incorporation assay showed a significant reduction in proliferation rate in treated cells, while no differences were observed on the proportion of Ki67⁺ and PH3⁺ cells by immunostaining. In addition, cell cycle analysis by propidium iodide staining followed by flow cytometry showed an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle of treated cells. Additionally, treated cells showed a significant reduction in migration rate. Furthermore, to assess the in ovo effects of BRD7552, treated PANC-1 cells were implanted onto the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos and tumor size was measured at different time points, revealing a significant reduction in tumor growth of treated cells. Therefore, in this study we observed that a pharmacological induction of PDX1 in PANC-1 cells affects cell cycle, reduces proliferation rate and inhibits migratory potential in vitro. These findings were corroborated in ovo, where PDX1 overexpression diminished tumor growth of PANC-1 cells. In conclusion, the overexpression of PDX1 induced by BRD7552 dri

关键词： 势能小车   寻迹打卡   轨迹仿真   结构建模   装配测试  

摘要： 设计了一种将重力势能转化成动能的势能小车,通过凸轮机构控制前轮转向,使小车运动具备自动寻迹打卡功能。依据竞赛命题文件中各打卡点坐标位置,对设计的小车车轮及传感器运动规律进行分析,根据运动规律方程采用MATLAB对小车运动轨迹进行仿真,并优化出小车传感器最佳打卡运动轨迹,按照最佳运动轨迹确定小车各部分结构参数,并采用CATIA进行三维结构建模。制作小车零件并装配测试,验证了势能小车结构设计的合理性和运动的稳定性。

关键词： 光催化   功能性纺织品   抗菌   TiO_(2)  

摘要： TiO_(2)基纳米材料凭借其在自清洁、抗菌及紫外防护等领域的独特优势而备受关注。文章对TiO_(2)基纳米材料的制备方法,包括水热法和溶胶凝胶法等进行概述,阐述了该类材料赋予纺织品自清洁、抗菌活性、紫外线防护等功能的作用机理和实际应用,为TiO_(2)基功能性纺织品设计和开发提供理论支撑,同时针对目前TiO_(2)功能化纺织品在涂层耐用性与生物安全性等方面存在的挑战进行分析,以期为开发高效多功能纺织品提供理论参考。

关键词： artificial intelligence   coronary artery disease   coronary revascularization   coronary artery bypass grafting   Acc   accuracy   AI   artificial intelligence   CABG   coronary artery bypass grafting   CAD   coronary artery disease   DL   deep learning   DNN   deep neural networks   LAD   left anterior descending   LCx   left circumflex   LM   left main   NPV   negative predictive value   PCI   percutaneous coronary intervention   PPV   positive predictive value   RCA   right coronary artery   SYNTAX   Synergy between Percutaneous Coronary Intervention with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery  

摘要： Visual estimation of coronary artery stenosis on angiography is subject to human error. Although machine learning may facilitate more accurate interpretation, clinical utility has been limited by lack of human interpretable models. We developed an automated computer vision model to identify candidates for coronary artery bypass (CABG) from coronary angiograms.