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关键词： maxilla   reconstruction   surgery   computer-assisted   virtual surgical planning   free flap   patient-specific implant  

摘要： Background: Reconstruction of the maxilla and midface remains one of the most demanding challenges in craniofacial surgery, requiring precise planning and a clear understanding of defect geometry to achieve functional and esthetic restoration. Advances in computer-assisted surgery (CAS) and virtual surgical planning (VSP), based on 3D segmentation of radiologic imaging, have significantly improved the management of maxillary deformities, allowing for further knowledge of patient-specific information, including anatomy, pathology, surgical planning, and reconstructive issues. The integration of computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and 3D printing has further transformed reconstruction through customized titanium meshes, implants, and surgical guides. Methods:This systematic review, conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, synthesizes evidence from clinical studies on CAD/CAM-assisted reconstruction of maxillary and midfacial defects of congenital, acquired, or post-resection origin. It highlights the advantages and drawbacks of maxillary reconstruction with patient-specific implants (PSISs). Primary outcomes are represented by accuracy in VSP reproduction, while secondary outcomes included esthetic results, functions, and assessment of complications. Results: Of the 44 identified articles, 10 met inclusion criteria with a time frame from April 2013 to July 2022. The outcomes of 24 treated patients are reported. CAD/CAM-guided techniques seemed to improve osteotomy accuracy, flap contouring, and implant adaptation. Conclusions: Although current data support the efficacy and safety of CAD/CAM-based approaches, limitations persist, including high costs, technological dependency, and variable long-term outcome data. This article critically evaluates the role of PSISs in maxillofacial reconstruction and outlines future directions for its standardization and broader adoption in clinical practice.

关键词： CycleGAN   image-to-image translation   non-invasive analysis   paper fiber classification   cultural heritage   deep learning  

摘要： The structural analysis of paper fibers is vital for the noninvasive classification and conservation of traditional handmade paper in cultural heritage. Although digital still cameras (DSCs) offer a low-cost and noninvasive imaging solution, their inferior image quality compared to white-light confocal microscopy (WCM) limits their effectiveness in fiber classification. To address this modality gap, we propose an unpaired image-to-image translation approach using cycle-consistent adversarial networks (CycleGANs). Our study targets a multifiber setting involving kozo, mitsumata, and gampi, using publicly available domain-specific datasets. Generated WCM-style images were quantitatively evaluated using peak signal-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index measure, mean absolute error, and Fr & eacute;chet inception distance, achieving 8.24 dB, 0.28, 172.50, and 197.39, respectively. Classification performance was tested using EfficientNet-B0 and Inception-ResNet-v2, with F1-scores reaching 94.66% and 98.61%, respectively, approaching the performance of real WCM images (99.50% and 98.86%) and surpassing previous results obtained directly from DSC inputs (80.76% and 84.19%). Furthermore, Grad-CAM visualization confirmed that the translated images retained class-discriminative features aligned with those of the actual WCM inputs. Thus, the proposed CycleGAN-based image conversion effectively bridges the modality gap, enabling DSC images to approximate WCM characteristics and support high-accuracy paper fiber classification, which is a practical alternative for noninvasive material analysis.

关键词： maize   cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD)   ZmCAD6   drought stress   haplotype analysis  

摘要： Drought and salt stresses are major abiotic factors limiting maize yield. Lignin, a key cell wall component, plays a crucial role in boosting plant stress resistance. Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) is a vital enzyme at the late stage of lignin biosynthesis;however, a systematic study of its functions in abiotic stress responses and its potential for genetic improvement in maize remains lacking. In this study, we conducted the first comprehensive, multi-dimensional analysis of the maize ZmCAD gene family, including gene identification, evolutionary relationships, protein interaction networks, and stress-responsive expression patterns. We identified 9 ZmCAD members that showed significant functional divergence in evolution, structure, and expression patterns. Expression analysis revealed complex, tissue-specific responses of ZmCAD genes to drought and salt stress, with ZmCAD6 strongly induced by drought. Importantly, through haplotype analysis of 157 waxy maize inbred lines, we successfully identified an elite haplotype (H3) of ZmCAD6 that is significantly associated with improved drought tolerance in maize. This study not only clarifies the functional differentiation mechanisms of the ZmCAD gene family but also provides the identified elite ZmCAD6-H3 haplotype as a valuable genetic resource and precise target for molecular breeding aimed at enhancing drought tolerance in maize.

关键词： haematology   chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane   CAM model   leukaemia   lymphoma   multiple myeloma  

摘要： The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is a well-vascularised extra-embryonic membrane that supports avian embryonic development and can be used as an implantation site for xenograft models of various cancers. CAM tumour research models are powerful and versatile, offering a rapid, cost-effective and ethical complement to mouse xenograft studies. Their capacity for real-time observation of tumour growth, angiogenesis and metastasis within an immunocompetent living organism is particularly compelling. While CAM models have been extensively utilised for investigating solid cancers, such as breast, lung and pancreatic, their potential for haematological malignancy research remains comparatively underexplored. This review examines the relevance, advantages and translational potential of avian CAM models in studying blood cancers. Their applications across three primary categories are discussed-leukaemias, lymphomas and myelomas-highlighting experimental approaches that replicate aspects of human disease progression and therapeutic responsiveness. Moreover, the review evaluates species-specific considerations relevant to model fidelity, including evolutionary distance and functional parallels between avian and human haematopoiesis. These comparisons underscore both the opportunities and limitations for utilising CAM models in haematologic malignancy research. For their potential to investigate mechanisms of cancer development and treatment in simple but immunocompetent in vivo settings, we propose that CAM tumour models offer high value as a bridge between in vitro and mammalian in vivo studies for haematology translational research.

关键词： Computer-Aided Design   Multimedia Technology   Fashion Design   Sustainability   Cultural Heritage  

摘要： Computer-aided design (CAD) and multimedia technology, as important tools of digital design, are widely used in the field of fashion design. In this article, the author discusses the synergy between computer-aided design and multimedia technology in improving the efficiency of fashion design resources and cultural expression. Mathematical modeling, quantitative evaluation, and case analysis indicated that the integration of the two technologies not only optimizes the design process and improves the utilization rate of materials but also realizes the digital extraction, redesign, and modern expression of cultural elements. The author puts forward a set of comprehensive frameworks that integrate concepts of green design and technical reality and provides theoretical support and practical reference for the sustainable development and cultural innovation of fashion design.

关键词： CAD Modeling   Multimedia Interaction   Cultural Immersion   Tourism Product Innovation   User Experience  

摘要： As cultural tourism continues to evolve, enhancing the cultural depth and immersive experience of tourist products through Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and multimedia technologies has become a key issue in design and industrial innovation. Focusing on tourist product design, this study systematically explores CAD’s strengths in spatial modeling, structural optimization, and form generation while examining how multimedia interaction and digital content enhance cultural expression and immersive atmospheres. Through a representative case, it analyzes challenges in traditional design, such as shallow user experience and weak cultural delivery, and highlights the necessity of deep CAD-multimedia integration. A new development framework combining multi-level CAD modeling with dynamic multimedia interaction is proposed, with the aim of improving product uniqueness and emotional engagement. The study clarifies the innovation mechanism and validates the approach, offering both theoretical insights and practical guidance for tourism design and industry transformation.

关键词： endometrial cancer   L1CAM   NF-kappa B   cell cycle   drug resistance  

摘要： Background/Objectives: Endometrial cancer is one of the most common gynecological malignancies, with increasing incidence and mortality rates, particularly in developed countries. L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) has been identified as a poor prognostic factor for human endometrial cancer;however, the molecular mechanisms underlying its role in tumor progression remain unclear. Methods: We investigated the biological significance of L1CAM in human endometrial cancer using multiple cell lines. Functional analyses, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis assays, were performed after L1CAM knockdown or overexpression. Results: L1CAM promoted the transition of endometrial cancer cells from the G0/G1 phase and enhanced cell proliferation. L1CAM knockdown inhibited NF-kappa B signaling by reducing NF-kappa B (p65) phosphorylation and downregulating the expression of downstream targets such as TNF. Overexpression of constitutively active IKK beta restored the proliferation defect caused by L1CAM knockdown, supporting the role of NF-kappa B as a key downstream effector of L1CAM. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significant correlation between L1CAM expression and nuclear NF-kappa B (p65) positivity rates in human patient samples. Furthermore, combination therapy with cisplatin and an IKK inhibitor enhanced the anti-proliferative effect. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that L1CAM promotes proliferation and chemotherapy resistance in human endometrial cancer through activation of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. Therapeutic strategies targeting the L1CAM-NF-kappa B pathway may represent a promising treatment option for improving prognosis in L1CAM-positive human endometrial cancer.

关键词： contrast ratio   lithium disilicate   translucency   translucent zirconia   zirconia reinforced lithium silicate   digital dentistry   optical properties  

摘要： This study aimed to compare the translucency values of anterior crowns fabricated with ultra-high-translucent (UHT) zirconia, low-translucent (LT) lithium disilicate (LDS), and LT zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) glass-ceramics. In total, 48 central incisor crowns (n = 12) were fabricated from IPS *** CAD LT (IPS), Celtra Duo LT (CD), and GC Initial UHT zirconia (GC, GC1). A standard of 1.5 mm labial thickness of the crowns was determined for three groups (IPS, CD, GC), and 1 mm labial thickness was determined for GC1. The crowns' translucency values were assessed in terms of the contrast ratio (CR). One-way ANOVA and Tamhane tests were used for analyzing the data. The mean CRs of GC1, GC, IPS, and CD specimens were 0.13 +/- 0.01, 0.22 +/- 0.01, 0.22 +/- 0.04, and 0.29 +/- 0.04, respectively. The CD group had significantly higher CR values than the other groups. The difference between the CR values of GC and IPS groups was not statistically significant. The GC1 group's CR was significantly lower than the GC group. It is critical to select monolithic materials in order to achieve esthetic restorations, particularly for anterior teeth. The translucency of monolithic restorative materials was influenced by the type and the thickness of the material used.

摘要： Objective: Cervical artery dissection (CeAD) may be limited to the extracranial extradural space or extend to the intradural space. Intradural extension can potentially increase the risk of stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage. However, the factors associated with intradural extension and its impact on clinical outcome remain unclear. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the STOP-CAD observational, multi-center study. Patients with CeAD and intradural extension (CeADid) were compared with those with pure CeAD extradural dissections (CeADed) using multiple regression analyses. Results: Of 4,023 patients with CeAD, 534 (13.3%) had CeADid. In comparison to patients with CeADed, those with CeADid more often had clinical overt stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) at presentation, acute infarcts on imaging, a vertebral artery affected, and severe stenosis of the involved vessel (p < 0.001 for all). In contrast, carotid involvement and complete occlusions were more frequent in patients with CeADed (p < 0.001 for both). CeADid was associated with a shift in the distribution of scores on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) toward worse functional outcome (odds ratio [OR] = 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.62-0.92) but the odds for favorable outcomes (mRS = 0-2) did not differ between the groups after appropriate adjustments on multivariate analysis. CeADid was independently associated with higher mortality at 180 days on multivariate analysis (adjusted OR = 2.84, 95% CI = 1.50-5.38). Interpretation: CeADid is associated with more severe clinical presentation, a shift toward less favorable outcomes, and higher mortality rates. These findings suggest that CeADid may represent a high-risk type of CeAD.

关键词： alternative medicine   ashwagandha   CAM   depression   marijuana   Poland   substance use   university  

摘要： Introduction Mental health disorders such as depression are a rising issue among university students. Some of them use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) as self-administered therapy instead of or together with professional care. Defining the scale of the problem, its underlying reasons and possible implications are crucial for addressing it in clinical psychiatry and public health *** A cross-sectional survey on students from Wroc & lstrok;aw universities was conducted between April 2024 and December 2024. The form developed specifically for this study contained questions about demographic status, respondents' mental health history, satisfaction with psychiatric or psychological help and factors affecting it. Survey also assessed experience and attitudes towards various CAM methods, including non-pharmacological like exercise, meditation, yoga and pharmacological such as herbs, e.g., st. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum), supplements, psychedelics, fly agaric (Amanita muscaria), marijuana and other non-conventional therapies. To evaluate current depressive symptoms, questions modelled on the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-10) were used. 493 responses were included in the statistical *** 46.5% of respondents had a history of mental disorders, with depression being the most prevalent (74.7%). While 45.3% of all students reported consultations with a psychiatrist and 44.8% usage of antidepressants, 96.1% applied CAM, mainly: physical exercise (81.4%), meditation (60.5%), yoga (39.1%). From herbs, the most popular were Melissa officinalis (53.0%) and Withania somnifera (24.8%), and from other substances: marijuana (31.3%), vitamins (22.5%) and psychedelics (10.4%). The main obstacles we identified in obtaining professional care were cost (80.7%), availability (35.7%) and fear of stigma (30.7%). Acceptance for classic therapies varied from 81.2% for psychotherapy and 75.9% for psychiatric drugs to 16.2% for electroconvulsive the