课程文献中心 更多>>

关键词： wet deposition modeling   validation   CAM-chem   nitrogen   organic carbon   sulfate  

摘要： Accurate modeling of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur wet deposition (i.e., through rain, snow, or graupel) flux is important for characterizing and quantifying the role of deposition in global biogeochemical cycles. The simulation of wet deposition of solutes, alongside precipitation rates, in the Community Atmosphere Model version 6 with Chemistry (CAM-chem) has had limited previous evaluation leaving an opportunity to determine its accuracy in simulating precipitation chemistry. Here, we assessed the accuracy of 1 degrees resolution CAM-chem outputs of wet deposition over the contiguous U.S. (CONUS) from 2002 to 2022, comparing model outputs for observed equivalents of sulfate (SO4 2-), ammonium (NH4 +), nitrate (NO3 -), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) wet deposition with long-term records collected at hundreds of stations across CONUS. After evaluating the temporal, spatial, and quantile differences between modeled and observed wet deposition fluxes, we find the model captures long-term and seasonal patterns but consistently overestimates NO3 -, while underestimating SO4 2-, NH4 +, and DOC wet deposition fluxes. Model-measurement agreement improved at higher deposition flux quantiles and site-specific alignment was strongest for NO3 -, and moderate for SO4 2- and NH4 +. Low model-measurement agreement for DOC comparisons is likely due to focusing on aerosol contributions. Higher resolution model simulations (similar to 14 km) resulted in equivalent comparisons as the 1 degrees model, suggesting that wet deposition processes are represented consistently across different model simulations and spatial resolution is not the main driver of inaccuracies of model deposition. Benchmarking modeled deposition outputs is crucial for evaluating CAM-chem's performance and its utility in understanding landscape drivers of deposition chemistry within Earth system models.

关键词： Delirium   CAM-ICU   Prolonged mechanical ventilation   Cardiac surgery  

摘要： Background: Delirium is common after cardiac surgery and has been associated with adverse outcomes in critically ill patients. The Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU) is a validated tool for detecting delirium;however, few studies have explored its association with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) following major cardiac surgery. This study aimed to investigate whether a positive CAM-ICU assessment is associated with PMV and other postoperative outcomes in this population. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 1,437 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery in 2022. Delirium was assessed daily using the CAM-ICU during the early postoperative period. PMV was defined as ventilation lasting more than 24 h after surgery. Clinical outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression and time-dependent Cox regression, with adjustments made using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Results: Among 1437 patients, 281 (19.6%) were assessed as CAM-ICU positive in the early postoperative period. After IPTW adjustment, a positive CAM-ICU assessment was significantly associated with increased risk of PMV (odds ratio [OR] 3.60;95% CI, 2.53-5.10;p < 0.001), reintubation (OR 3.37;95% CI, 1.52-7.31;p = 0.002), intensive care unit (ICU) readmission (OR 2.53;95% CI, 1.22-5.03;p = 0.010), and prolonged ICU stay after extubation (OR 2.95;95% CI, 2.19-3.96;p < 0.001). Neither early death nor all-cause mortality differed significantly between groups after IPTW adjustment. Age-related analyses indicated that predicted ventilator duration was generally longer with a positive CAM-ICU assessment across most age groups, with attenuation of this difference in the very elderly (>= 80 years). Conclusion: An early postoperative positive CAM-ICU assessment was associated with higher risks of PMV, reintubation, ICU readmission, and prolonged ICU stay after major cardiac surgery. Routine CAM-ICU screening may help identify patients at r

关键词： Aqueous miswak extracts   Sodium hypochlorite   Candida albicans   Resin denture base  

摘要： Background Denture stomatitis is a frequent inflammatory condition among denture wearers, commonly linked to Candida albicans colonization. Although sodium hypochlorite is an effective disinfectant, it may cause mucosal irritation and alter denture surface properties, prompting interest in natural alternatives. This study compared the antifungal efficacy of aqueous Miswak extracts (decoction and maceration) with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite against C. albicans biofilm on CAD-CAM processed polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base specimens. Methods An in vitro experimental design was conducted using 40 sterilized CAD-CAM PMMA specimens inoculated with a clinical isolate of C. albicans. Samples were randomly divided equally into four groups (n = 10): 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, Miswak decoction extract, Miswak maceration extract, and sterile distilled water (control). After 10 min of immersion, colony-forming units (CFU/mL) were determined on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Games-Howell post hoc tests (p < 0.05). Results Results showed sodium hypochlorite eliminated C. albicans (5.85 log reduction;99.999%). Miswak decoction and maceration achieved 1.43 log (approximate to 96%) and 1.26 log (approximate to 94.6%) reductions, respectively, both significantly higher than control (p < 0.05), with no significant difference between them (p = 0.608). Conclusions Aqueous Miswak extracts demonstrated promising antifungal effects, suggesting potential as a natural, safe adjunct for denture disinfection.

关键词： Cam   Fractal   High-order differential interpolation   Microscopic contact  

摘要： Purpose-Cam mechanisms are critical in modern automation equipment, but existing cam curve design methods ignore surface micro-features, limiting accurate micro-contact analysis. This study aims to propose a cam curve design method integrating micro-characteristics for precise control of contact performance. Design/methodology/approach-A cam curve is established via high-order differential interpolation combined with the W-M fractal function to characterize surface roughness. A modified micro-contact model is developed, and the control variable method is used to analyze the influence of high-order interpolation nodes (displacement, velocity and acceleration) on contact performance. Findings-Displacement and acceleration node variations induce unidirectional offset of contact performance extrema, while velocity nodes cause bidirectional offset;the sensitivity order is velocity > displacement > acceleration. The proposed curve enables accurate control of contact performance distribution. Originality/value-This study integrates high-order differential interpolation with the W-M fractal function, bridging macro kinematic design and micro-surface characterization, and provides theoretical/methodological support for "contact performance-controllable" cam design.

关键词： coronary artery bypass grafting   hybrid revascularization   minimally invasive coronary artery bypass   primary cardiac tumor   transesophageal echocardiogram   CAD   coronary artery disease   MIDCAB   minimally invasive coronary artery bypass   PFE   papillary fibroelastoma   TEE   transesophageal echocardiography   TIA   transient ischemic attack   TTE   transthoracic echocardiography  

摘要： Papillary fibroelastomas (PFEs) are benign primary cardiac tumors. The occurrence of multiple PFEs on a single valve is exceedingly rare.

关键词： Feature based design   extended reality   data-informed design   machine learning   and integrated intelligent design environments  

摘要： This paper introduces a Machine Learning (ML) method for translating Virtual Reality (VR) based interactions into a sequence of Computer Aided Design (CAD) operations compatible with typical CAD toolchains. The method involved creating an integrated toolchain of ML, VR, and a CAD kernel, and uses VR-based sculpting as an exemplar design tool. This tool is used to curate a dataset of imperfect voxel-based representations of CAD features, which then augments the existing perfect CAD model data to train an ML model to recognise user interactions as the intended design features. A total of eight design features were created that can generate 24 different manufacturing features. The implemented system showed a validation accuracy of 95.6%, a test accuracy of 84.2%, and a Top 3 test accuracy of 97.1%. As such, the work demonstrates the viability of ML-augmented spatial toolchains for creating parametric CAD geometries and can pave the way for a new direction in developing VR-CAD modelling software.

关键词： Myeloproliferative neoplasia (MPN)   Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)   Polycythemia vera (PV)   Essential thrombocythemia (ET)   Myelofibrosis (MF)  

摘要： IntroductionBCR::ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms are chronic diseases characterized by high symptom burden due to systemic inflammation. Treatment objectives include cytoreduction and alleviation of symptoms. Besides standard therapies, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods are frequently used and requested by cancer patients. Aim of this study was to assess the interest in and use of CAM by patients diagnosed with *** study was conducted as a patient-reported, paper-and-pencil-based ***166 patients with MPN were included, 72 (43.4%) male and 94 (56.6%) female. Median age was 65.0 years. Diagnoses included ET 66/166 (39.8%), PV 40/166 (24.1%), MF 51/166 (30.7%) MPN-U 8/166 (4.8%) and SM-AHN 1/166 (0.6%). Overall, more frequent use of CAM was documented in females (59.6%) compared to males (41.7%), p = 0.022. A significant proportion of patients reported on the ingestion of nutritional supplements: 44/163 (26.5%) vitamin D, 26/165 (15.7%) vitamin C, 19/165 (11.4%) zinc, 13/165 (7.8%) secondary plant products, 12/165 (7.2%) selenium, and 19/165 (11.4%) multivitamin preparations. Regarding other CAM-related measures: 5/164 (3.0%) used amygdalin, 4/164 (2.4%) mistletoe therapy, 11/165 (6.6%) acupuncture, 6/165 (3.6%) homeopathy, 11/165 (6.6%) yoga, 10/165 (6%) reported receiving spiritual support, while 3/165 (1.8%) used the services of "healers". A higher rate of CAM use was found among patients with longer disease *** of CAM was recorded in the majority of patients with MPN. Higher use of CAM-related measures was reported by women and patients with longer disease duration. Patients should be regularly consulted about the use of CAM, its risks should be considered and pointed out, and safe methods should be recommended.

关键词： Coronary artery disease   Chronic total occlusion   Percutaneous coronary intervention  

摘要： Background The prognostic benefit of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for chronic total occlusion (CTO) in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) remains uncertain. Objectives To evaluate long-term survival following CTO PCI compared with medical therapy (MT) using target trial emulation and a nationwide real-world registry. Methods We included 7813 patients with stable CAD and a documented CTO from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) between 2015 and 2024. CTO PCI was modeled as a time-dependent exposure. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. We used inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW), time-dependent Cox regression, and instrumental variable (IV) analysis to adjust for confounding. Results Over a median follow-up of 5.08 years, 1253 deaths occurred. While unadjusted survival favored CTO PCI (HR 0.74;95% CI, 0.64-0.86;p < 0.001), IPTW and IV adjustment showed no significant reduction in mortality compared with MT (IPTW HR 0.94;95% CI, 0.80-1.10;p = 0.41;IV HR 1.00;95% CI, 0.71-1.40;p = 0.999). Successful CTO PCI was associated with improved survival (HR 0.74;95% CI, 0.62-0.87), whereas unsuccessful procedures were not (HR 1.08;95% CI, 0.79-1.47). Subgroup analyses showed no consistent benefit, although a modest survival advantage was observed in non-diabetic patients. Conclusions In this large nationwide study using target trial emulation, CTO PCI was not associated with improved overall survival compared with MT. Only successful procedures conferred a benefit, highlighting the importance of procedural success and patient selection in CTO revascularization strategies.

关键词： DNA detection and classification   Content addressable memory   CAM   Approximate search   Hamming Distance   SoC   RISC-V application processor  

摘要： Acute graft-versus-host (GVHD) is a deadly disease that can be treated through fecal microbiota transplantation. However, such treatment is often followed by life-threatening bloodstream infections (BSI). Rapid detection of BSI-causing bacteria is critical in preventing BSI-related deaths. PC-CAM is a pathogen identification system-on-chip designed to assist in avoiding BSI by real-time detection of pathogen bacterial genomes using k-mer matching. The core of PC-CAM is an Approximate search-capable (Hamming distance tolerant) Content Addressable Memory (ACAM). PC-CAM was designed and manufactured in a commercial 65nm process. We use PC-CAM for real-time detection of bacteria in blood and stool samples of GVHD patients and evaluate PC-CAM bacteria identification efficiency, performance, silicon area, and power consumption based on silicon measurements. PC-CAM is capable of classifying 960K short DNA reads/sec within a silicon area of 2.38mm\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$<^>{2}$$\end{document} consuming about 1.27mW. We envision PC-CAM as a platform deployed at points of care to provide real-time, accurate, privacy-preserving, easy-to-operate, and energy-efficient pathogen classification.

关键词： Antioxidants   Box-Behnken design   Oxidative stress   PLGA nanoparticles   Skin protection  

摘要： Serving as the primary barrier, skin protects the human body against oxidative stress caused by ultraviolet radiation, pollutants, and free radicals. Antioxidants are essential for preventing oxidative damage. Polyphenols such as ferulic acid (FA) and kaempferol (KMP) demonstrate potent free radical scavenging properties. However, poor solubility, stability, and bioavailability often limit their clinical application. This study aimed to investigate the effect of independent variables (PVA and PLGA concentrations, and sonication time on %EE of payloads, and the particle size (PS) using Box-Behnken design (BBD). PS of the nanoparticles (NPs) ranged from 171.40 +/- 2.09 to 212.60 +/- 2.37 nm with polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.14-0.287. PS, PDI, and zeta (zeta) potential of the optimized NPs was 189.8 nm, PDI 0.217, and - 11.1 mV, respectively. FE-SEM analysis demonstrated that the NPs were well-dispersed and spherical. Pure FA and KMP showed rapid burst release with 83.15% and 60.52% within 2 h (complete by 4 h), whereas PLGA NPs exhibited sustained biphasic release (FA: 48.00% in 1 h, 81.71% in 6 h, 98.99% in 24 h;KMP: 34.00% in 1 h, 73.83% in 6 h, 98.98% in 24 h). Free FA and KMP showed moderate antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 22.92 +/- 3.80 mu g/mL and 26.53 +/- 2.01 mu g/mL, respectively, while the optimized NPs exhibited improved activity with a lower IC50 of 18.69 +/- 2.08 mu g/mL, compared to ascorbic acid (AA) (4.05 +/- 2.98 mu g/mL). In the HET-CAM assay, pure FA and KMP showed mild irritation (IS 2.56 and 2.89, respectively), while the optimized NPs were nearly non-irritant (IS 0.52), indicating that encapsulation reduced irritation and improved biocompatibility of payload. The results showed that the NPs prolonged drug release profiles, making them promising delivery carrier. This nanotechnology-driven approach enhances the protective and therapeutic potential of antioxidants in skin care and oxidative stress-related disorders.