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关键词： Biocompatibility   Bond strength   Elastic modulus   Human gingival fibroblasts   Hybrid block   Nanohardness   Surface roughness  

摘要： This study aimed to investigate the effects of three polymeric coatings—polyethylene glycol (PEG), polyether ether ketone (PEEK), and polydopamine (PDA)—applied onto the external surfaces of hybrid CAD/CAM dental composites, on their biological and mechanical performance.

关键词： Acute coronary syndrome   Left main disease   Three-vessel disease   Coronary artery disease   Coronary angiography   NSTE-ACS   Non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome   NSTEMI   Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction   STEMI   ST-elevation myocardial infarction   LM/3VD   Left main and/or three-vessel disease   PCI   Percutaneous coronary intervention   CABG   Coronary artery bypass graft   TIMI   Thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (classification)   AUC-ROC   Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve   ECG   Electrocardiogram   CAD   Coronary artery disease  

摘要： Patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS) who have significant left main and/or three-vessel disease (LM/3VD) are at particularly high risk for poor outcomes. Timely identification and revascularization of these patients is essential. However, growing healthcare resource limitations necessitate patient triage and prioritization to avoid delays in care.

关键词： Exo   Exosome   MSc   Mesenchymal stem cell   HESCs   Human embryonic stem cells   ICM   Inner cell mass   IPSCs   Induced pluripotent stem cells   BM-MSCs   Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells   MSCs   Umbilical cord blood UCB-derived mesenchymal stem cells   MVBs   multivesicular bodies   ESCRT   Endosomal sorting complex required for transport   ESE   Early-sorting endosome   ECM   Extracellular matrix   SCPL   Solvent-casting particulate leaching   ASCs   Adipose-derived stem cells   CAD   Computer-aided design model   Stem cell   Exosome   Scaffold   Tissue regeneration   Wound healing  

摘要： While cell-based scaffolds represent a promising approach in tissue regeneration, limitations such as poor cell survival, immunogenicity, and scalability have prompted the development of cell-free therapies. Exosomes (EXOs), nanosized extracellular vesicles derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have emerged as pivotal therapeutic agents for skin wound healing. These vesicles overcome challenges in chronic and acute wound management by promoting functional skin restoration through intricate modulation of angiogenesis, immunoregulation, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and re-epithelialization. This review provides a detailed analysis of MSC and EXO biology, highlighting how MSC source influences EXO cargo and function. We discuss the integration of EXOs into advanced biomaterial scaffolds, including 3D-bioprinted hydrogels and electrospun nanofibers, which enhance EXO retention and sustain release at the wound site. The review critically evaluates the mechanisms through which EXOs activate key signaling pathways (PI3K/Akt, TGF-β/Smad) to coordinate healing. Furthermore, we summarize current preclinical and clinical trials, available commercial products, and the significant challenges—including EXO heterogeneity, isolation standardization, and regulatory hurdles—that must be addressed to realize the clinical potential of EXO-based therapies. By synthesizing current knowledge and future perspectives, this review aims to advance the design of novel, effective cell-free scaffolds for reparative medicine

关键词： Adjoint-based shape optimization   CAD parametrization   Fin design   Heat sinks  

摘要： This study presents an automated shape optimization method for heat sinks. The computational framework has been developed by combining a conjugate heat transfer solver with adjoint capabilities, a CAD parametrization tool, and a gradient-based optimizer. The test case considers the design optimization of a water-cooled heat sink with pin fins, with the goal of concurrently enhancing heat transfer and minimizing pressure losses. Results show that the optimized fin geometry leads to an improvement of the average heat transfer coefficient by 24% while the pressure drop is lowered by 19%. The optimal fin array features an unconventional shape with an enlarged cross-section at the hub and the top with respect to mid-span, and a variation of the pin profile in the streamwise direction. The net effect is a reduction in flow blockage, an increase in fin efficiency, and a lower and more uniform temperature distribution in the heat sink base plate.

关键词： CAD   Complex geometries   Curvilinear   High-order   Industrialisation   Mesh generation   Spectral/hp element methods  

摘要： Established a posteriori mesh generation, high-order mesh curving and some mesh optimisation approaches often rely on an accurate CAD parametrisation of the boundary of the computational domain. This information, however, is not always available, especially when composite multi-software workflows are employed. To deal with such cases, we propose a method for reconstructing the missing connectivity information between the mesh and the CAD geometry when importing an arbitrarily sourced mesh. The reconstruction is followed by curving methods for order elevation, projections or subsequently optimisations with boundary-conforming node sliding. Lastly, mesh modification techniques are used to achieve the desired mesh resolution and quality for meshes incorporating boundary layers. We illustrate the steps of the proposed end-to-end workflow through two simple geometries coming from different sources and an end-to-end complex automotive mesh generation test case.

关键词： Attention mechanism   Deep learning   Ensemble learning   Explainable AI   Federated learning   Hi-ResCAM   Lung cancer   SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)  

摘要： Lung cancer is a predominant cause of cancer-related deaths globally, and early detection is essential for improving patient prognosis. Deep learning models with attention mechanisms have shown promising accuracy in detecting lung cancer from medical imaging data. However, privacy concerns and data scarcity present significant challenges in developing robust and generalizable models. This paper proposes a novel approach for lung cancer detection, ‘FVCM-Net’, integrating federated learning with attention mechanisms and ensemble learning to address these challenges. Federated learning is employed to train the model across multiple decentralized institutions, allowing for collaborative model development without sharing sensitive patient data and minimizing the risk of such sensitive data being misused. Furthermore, this approach enables the development of more accurate and generalized models by leveraging diverse datasets from multiple sources. We employed ensemble learning to produce more accurate predictions than a single model. For interpretability of the lung cancer identification model, we employ XAI (Explainable Artificial Intelligence) techniques such as SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) and HiResCAM (High-Resolution Class Activation Mapping). These techniques help us understand how the model makes its decisions and predictions. This study utilizes a diverse collection of lung CT scan images from four datasets, including LIDC-IDRI, IQ-OTH/NCCD, a public Kaggle dataset, and additional online sources. Experimental results revealed that the proposed method achieved higher performance in lung cancer detection with 98.26% average accuracy and 97.37% average F-1 score. The high performance of FVCM-Net and ensemble learning has the potential to significantly impact medical imaging, helping radiologists make better clinical decisions.

关键词： Implant abutment   Magnetic field-assisted finishing (MAF)   Mechanical properties   Surface properties   Ti-6Al-4V  

摘要： This study investigated how magnetic field-assisted finishing (MAF) parameters affect the surface and mechanical properties of CAD/CAM Ti-6Al-4V implant abutments, aiming to identify optimal clinical conditions.

关键词： Acute coronary syndrome   Acute chest pain   Coronary computed tomography angiogram   SPECT   Coronary calcium score  

摘要： Young adults are more likely to have non-calcified coronary plaques. Purpose to assess the predictive value of a zero-coronary artery calcium (CAC) score in young adults and to determine which clinical characteristics are associated with obstructive coronary heart disease.

关键词： Control performance monitoring   Input-output cross autocorrelation diagram (IO-CAD)   Performance indicators   Process control diagnostics  

摘要： Monitoring the control loop performance is crucial for operation efficiency and safety in industrial processes. This study proposes a new methodology for control loop performance assessment based on the Input-Output Cross Autocorrelation Diagram (IOCAD), a technique already established in the literature. In this work, two novel indicators based on a polar representation of IOCAD are introduced, complementing four existing indicators previously developed using a Cartesian formulation. By analyzing the autocorrelation between the process variable (PV) and manipulated variable (MV), these indicators enable performance evaluation using only routine plant data. Compared to traditional approaches such as the Minimum Variance Control (MVC), the IOCAD-based method shows greater robustness to noise and setpoint changes, while also providing diagnostic insights into the root causes of performance degradation, such as tuning issues or changes in process dynamics. A Control Performance Indicator (CPI) was also proposed. Simulations involving various control loops, including an offshore oil production control loop, confirmed the method’s effectiveness and applicability for real-time monitoring in diverse operational scenarios.