课程文献中心 更多>>

关键词： Conceptual design  

摘要： With the advancement of transplanting theory and increasing agronomic requirements, gear–linkage/cam mechanisms (GLCMs) have emerged as a feasible solution for achieving complex operational trajectories by introducing transmission ratio variation characteristics. However, systematic design methodologies for such mechanisms remain limited. In this study, a structural synthesis method for GLCMs based on gear pair substitution is proposed, and suitable configurations are selected in combination with kinematic synthesis to design vegetable plug seedling transplanting mechanisms. First, similar edges are identified using the minimum distance matrix constant and the power matrix constant, with verification against established databases to ensure recognition accuracy. Second, a structural synthesis approach for special GLCMs is developed by gradually adding components and kinematic pairs. Through gear pair substitution, structural synthesis of GLCMs with up to three degrees-of-freedom is achieved, while similarity information is employed to avoid generating isomorphic configurations. Finally, an optimal configuration is selected and combined with kinematic synthesis to design a vegetable plug seedling transplanting mechanism, whose feasibility is validated through simulation experiments. Copyright © 2025 by ASME.

关键词： Biomarkers   Coronary artery disease   Metabolomics   Older adults   Prognosis  

摘要： Prognostic stratification in older adults with coronary artery disease (CAD) remains challenging, and existing clinical risk scores have limitations in this population. We aimed to identify and validate a novel plasma metabolomic signature for 3-year all-cause mortality and assess its incremental value over established clinical risk factors.

关键词： Complementary therapies   Complementary medicine   Dentistry   CAM  

摘要： This study aimed to evaluate dentists' knowledge, self-perception, applicability, and use of homeopathy/phytotherapy in complementary, alternative, and integrative health (CAM) practices within Dentistry.

关键词： Eye-tracking   Concurrent reader   Chest radiography   Bounding-box display   Interpretation time  

摘要： Computer-aided detection (CAD) systems for chest radiographs are widely used; however, concurrent reader displays such as bounding-box (BB) highlights may influence interpretation. This pilot study used eye tracking to examine which aspects of visual search were affected by these factors.

关键词： Thermal comfort   Thermal manikin   Autonomous driving   CAD design   3D printing   Digital twin   CFD simulation  

摘要： Local thermal comfort in compact indoor environments and vehicle cabins is governed by spatially non-uniform air temperature and velocity fields, radiative boundary conditions, and posture-dependent exposure, which becomes increasingly relevant for future non-driving-related tasks. This paper presents the segmentation-focused mechanical design and additive manufacturing of a modular thermal dummy, together with a sensor-consistent CFD-linked digital twin for equivalent-temperature-based assessment of local thermal comfort in non-uniform cabin environments. The dummy reproduces the external geometry of a 50th-percentile male and implements joint ranges derived from movement-space analyses to enable reproducible upright and reclined postures. A CAD-to-fused deposition modeling (FDM) workflow in ASA is used to realize a cost-efficient, serviceable structure with replaceable components and integrated internal cable routing. The dummy provides 25 prepared sensor mount positions, with sixteen T_eq sensors used in the demonstrated measurement configuration and aligned with comfort-critical body regions and the segment definitions applied in T_eq comfort-zone mapping. Combined numerical and experimental calibration yields a typical equivalent-temperature uncertainty below 1 K under reference conditions. The digital twin shares the same geometry, posture, segmentation, and sensor patch definition and enables sensor-consistent interpretation of local equivalent-temperature distributions for the investigated setup. The combined dummy–digital-twin workflow supports reproducible local comfort assessment, structured interpretation of measured T_eq fields, and early-stage screening of cabin concepts under non-uniform thermal boundary conditions.

关键词： CAD modeling   Differentiable CAD operations   Self-supervised learning   Sketch-based modeling  

摘要： Traditional computer-aided design (CAD) is highly specialized and time-consuming, posing a significant barrier for users without 3D modeling expertise. Even with the recent surge of AI-based methods, CAD modeling remains challenging due to three fundamental issues: 1) the lack of simple yet controllable interaction modalities; 2) the absence of 3D representations that are both amenable to learning paradigms and faithful to CAD characteristics; and 3) the scarcity of large-scale datasets consisting of inconsistent modeling sequences. To address these challenges, we propose SelfSketch2CAD, a framework that leverages geometric priors for self-supervised CAD modeling sequence learning from single-view freehand sketches. Our method leverages predefined differentiable CAD modeling operators, combined with an implicit signed distance function (SDF) representation, to automatically infer CAD modeling sequences from 2D sketches, and composes primitive-level SDFs via the union operation into a holistic SDF field, enabling supervision solely from target shapes without requiring ground-truth modeling sequences. To mitigate the inherent ambiguity of sparse line drawings, we further introduce a multifaceted sketch perception module, which uses a U-Net to predict depth and normal maps from the input sketch, applies a pre-trained DINO encoder to extract features from both the sketch and its inferred geometric cues, and finally fuses these features through a multi-stage cross-attention mechanism to guide subsequent CAD operator prediction. Extensive experiments on the ABC dataset show that our approach consistently outperforms existing methods in both quantitative metrics and qualitative visual fidelity, demonstrating its effectiveness for sketch-based CAD content creation. The source code will be released for research use.

关键词： Explainability   Grad-CAM-based deep learning   Operator-centered explanation   Operation support   Trustworthiness  

摘要： Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) is employed to clarify the rationale behind AI outputs and resolve black-box nature of artificial intelligence (AI). This is intended to enhance trustworthiness and usability of AI-based technology for operation or decision-making support. However, XAI explanations now are often more accessible to developers, who construct, verify, and optimize AI models, than to operators, who need to understand and employ these models for decision-making. Therefore, this study aims to develop a Grad-CAM-based deep learning methodology that provides operator-centered explanations for enhancing explainability of AI outputs and the trustworthiness of the AI technologies for operation support in the context of performing procedure-based operating tasks. In this study, an XAI model based on gradient-weighted class activation mapping and a dilated causal convolutional neural network was developed to identify abnormal states and provide operator-centered explanations within the scope of abnormal operating procedures corresponding to identified abnormal states. Furthermore, representation of operator-centered explanations was addressed to effectively display the AI-supported information from the proposed model on human-system interface for operating tasks.

关键词： Hip morphology   Lower limb malalignment   Osteoarthritis   Sports participation  

摘要： This study investigated the association between alpha angles of the hip and tibial genu varum in a healthy population with equal male-to-female distribution. It also examined sex-based differences, explored the impact of sports participation, and assessed the interplay between these conditions.