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关键词： CAD diagram measurement   Complete assembly identification   Electrical element recognition   Graph neural network   Wiring diagram recognition  

摘要： Intelligent recognition of substation building electrical wiring diagrams is a key step to ensure the correctness and safety of substation design and to improve the efficiency of engineering operations. However, existing methods struggle with severe text-graphic interference, extreme scale variations of symbols, and their inability to explicitly model complex, imbalanced topological connections. To solve these challenges, this paper proposes a novel framework for electrical wiring drawing recognition, formulated as a topology-aware graph learning problem. First, we propose a CAD-image fusion strategy that leverages deterministic vector topology to guide visual parsing, effectively suppressing text-graphic interference to extract high-fidelity physical wiring structures. Second, by formalizing heterogeneous devices and their physical connections into a formal graph data structure, we develop a GraphSAGE-based classifier capable of decoding the complex, multi-hop configurations of complete electrical assemblies. Last, to handle unique geometric variations and structural sparsity, domain-tailored optimizations are introduced, including Dynamic Snake Convolution (DSConv) for capturing elongated busbars and a Gated-Attention mechanism to regulate extreme topological imbalance during graph aggregation. Experimental results on real-world 110 kV substation diagrams demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework, achieving 96.4% mAP for element detection, 98.95% edge precision for topology extraction, and 95.47% accuracy for assembly classification.

关键词： CAD   ANGPTL8   Macrophages   HepG2   Mitochondrial quality  

摘要：

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  M0 & M1 macrophage cells expressed ANGPTL8 mRNA.
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  Metformin exhibited an inducing effect on ANGPTL8 expression under basal conditions.
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  ANGPTL8 regulates mitochondrial quality through mitochondrial biogenesis and ROS production.
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  The effects of metformin and ANGPTL8 differ under energy-stress conditions.

关键词： Computer-aided design   CAD generative modeling   Reinforcement learning   Multimodal learning  

摘要：

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  We propose State-CAD, a two-stage system for precise and multi-round refinement.
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  Our method converts requirements into an updatable SSR with geometry and topology.
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  Our method uses RL feedback to improve geometric accuracy and topology.
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  We build a new multimodal dataset to supplement existing CAD benchmarks.
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  Experiments show our method works well on CAD generation and completion tasks.

关键词： AI   Artificial intelligence   AM   Additive manufacturing   ANN   Artificial neural network   API   Application programming interface   AR   Augmented reality   BIM   Building information modeling   CAD   Computer-aided design   CAE   Computer-aided engineering   CAM   Computer-aided manufacturing   CFD   Computational fluid dynamics   CNN   Convolutional neural network   DT   Digital twin   DTP   Digital thread platform   EBD   Environment-based design   FEA   Finite element analysis   FEM   Finite element method   GAN   Generative adversarial network   GenAI   Generative artificial intelligence   GPT   Generative pre-trained transformer   HCI   Human–computer interaction   IoT   Internet of Things   KBE   Knowledge-based engineering   LAD   LLM-aided design   LLM   Large language model   LSTM   Long short-term memory   MBE   Model-based engineering   MBSE   Model-based systems engineering   MDO   Multidisciplinary design optimization   ML   Machine learning   MPC   Model predictive control   NLP   Natural language processing   PLM   Product lifecycle management   RAG   Retrieval-augmented generation   RL   Reinforcement learning   RLHF   Reinforcement learning from human feedback   RNN   Recurrent neural network   V&V   Verification and validation   VR   Virtual reality   Large language models   Mechanical design   Engineering design   Mechatronics  

摘要：

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  Systematic PRISMA-based review of LLM applications in mechanical design of mechatronic systems.
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  Shows how LLMs enhance automation, reasoning, and cross-domain system integration.
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  Discusses benefits and challenges of integrating LLMs in engineering practice.

关键词： CAD-RADS   Coronary Plaque   Epicardial Adipose tissue   Plaque Burden  

摘要： To evaluate the association between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume (EAV) and CAD-RADS 2.0-based coronary plaque burden, and to explore its relationship with stenosis severity, plaque phenotype, and high-risk plaque (HRP) features.

关键词： AED   area equivalent diameter   BPI   bubbles per image-number   BSD   bubble size distribution   CFD   computational fluid dynamics   CAD   computer-aided design   DI   deionized   MBRs   microbioreactors   MTPs   microtiter plates   MBCR   micro bubble column reactor   PDMS   polydimethylsiloxane   ZnO   zinc oxide   Micro bubble column reactor   3D-printing   Gas-liquid mass transfer   Bubble size distribution   Image analysis   Colorimetric mixing time  

摘要：

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  Redesigned 3D-printed micro bubble column reactor with novel gas distribution units.
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  Establishing methods for reactor characterization.
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  Determining the k_La values using oxygen sensor spots.
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  Analyzing 10⁵ bubbles for a bubble size distribution at each operating point.
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  Analyzing mixing times and optimizing the reactor geometry.

关键词： CAD-CAM resin composites. Fatigue behavior. Finite element analysis. Repair  

摘要： This in vitro study evaluated the stress distribution and fatigue behavior of repaired CAD-CAM resin composite after different surface treatments following diamond bur grinding. Discs (Ø= 12 mm, 1 mm thick) were prepared from Tetric CAD blocks, subjected to diamond bur grinding to simulate clinical damage, and divided into three groups: AA + AD (air-abrasion + adhesive), AD (adhesive only), and SIL (silane only). Repairs were performed with a 0.4 mm layer of direct resin composite (EvoCeram), followed by light-curing. After storage in water at 37°C from 24 h to 14 days, specimens underwent fatigue biaxial flexural testing (n = 15; 20 Hz; initial load= 50 N, step-size = 10 N, 10,000 cycles/step) until fracture. Stress distribution was analyzed using finite element analysis (FEA), and surfaces were characterized by topographic and fractographic analyses. As a result, no significant differences in stress distribution were observed among the groups in either the restorative substrate or the repair layer. However, the SIL group exhibited significantly lower fatigue longevity than AA + AD and AD. Air-abrasion promoted roughness for micromechanical retention, while adhesive created a smooth and uniform surface; silane alone had no topographic effect. Fractographic analysis revealed failures initiating in the restorative substrate and propagating to the repair layer. A void between the repair and restoration was noted in the SIL group, indicating compromised adhesion. The FEA confirmed higher stress concentrations in the substrate rather than the repair layer. Combining diamond bur grinding with adhesive, either with or without air-abrasion, improves the mechanical longevity of direct repairs in CAD-CAM resin composites.

关键词： Hydrogen direct-injection engine   Alternative fuels   3D-CFD   Hydrogen engine calibration   Retrofitability   AMR   Adaptive Mesh Refinement   BEV   Battery Electric Vehicle   BMEP   Brake Mean Effective Pressure   COV   Coefficient of Variation   MFB50   Combustion Anchor Angle   MFB1090   Combustion Duration   CR   Compression Ratio   CFD   Computational Fluid Dynamics   CFL   Courant Friedrich Lewy   CAD   Crank Angle Degree   DI   Direct Injection   EOI   End of Injection   EM   Engine Map   EATS   Exhaust After Treatment System   FS   Full Scale   HD   Heavy-Duty   HPDI   High-Pressure Direct Injection   IMEP   Indicated Mean Effective Pressure   ITE   Indicated Thermal Efficiency   ICE   Internal Combustion Engine   LSI   Large Spark Ignition   LET   Low-End Torque   LP   Low Pressure   NRTC   Nonroad Transient Cycle   OEM   Original Equipment Manufacturer   PFP   Peak Firing Pressure   PFI   Port Fuel Injection   λ   Relative Air-to-Fuel Ratio   RNG   Renormalization Group   RANS   Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes   SCR   Selective Catalytic Reduction   SOI   Start of Injection   TDC   Top Dead Centre   VNT   Variable Nozzle Turbine   WP   Working Point  

摘要：

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  Diesel-to-H₂ conversion with minimal engine modifications.
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  CFD-driven optimization reduces mixture stratification.
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  Diesel-equivalent performance: 305 Nm, 55 kW, ITE > 40%.
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  Ultra-low NOx emissions: 0.68 g/kWh (engine-out), 0.03 g/kWh with SCR.

关键词： Chimeric antigen receptor   L1CAM   CD171   Rhabdomyosarcoma   Immunotherapy   B7-H3   CD276  

摘要： Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma, remains difficult to treat in relapsed, metastatic, or refractory disease. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has demonstrated promising results in hematological diseases, but its application to solid tumors including RMS is limited by antigen heterogeneity, on-target/off-tumor toxicity, and insufficient activity against moderate antigen density.

关键词： Robotic disassembly   Cross-modal deep learning   Large language models   Semantic graph   Spatial constraint modelling   Remanufacturing  

摘要：

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  Fuse LLMs and cross-modal deep learning for spatial disassembly constraint modelling.
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  Derive comparable multimodal cues using identical feature extraction mechanisms.
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  Align CAD models with captured images via LLM-assisted semantic graph reasoning.
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  Leverage LLMs to clarify similar components for precise spatial constraint retrieval.
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  Enable automatic and flexible removal of used bolster springs using robotic systems.