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关键词： Adjoint-based shape optimization   CAD parametrization   Fin design   Heat sinks  

摘要： This study presents an automated shape optimization method for heat sinks. The computational framework has been developed by combining a conjugate heat transfer solver with adjoint capabilities, a CAD parametrization tool, and a gradient-based optimizer. The test case considers the design optimization of a water-cooled heat sink with pin fins, with the goal of concurrently enhancing heat transfer and minimizing pressure losses. Results show that the optimized fin geometry leads to an improvement of the average heat transfer coefficient by 24% while the pressure drop is lowered by 19%. The optimal fin array features an unconventional shape with an enlarged cross-section at the hub and the top with respect to mid-span, and a variation of the pin profile in the streamwise direction. The net effect is a reduction in flow blockage, an increase in fin efficiency, and a lower and more uniform temperature distribution in the heat sink base plate.

关键词： 分光光度技术   色差   机器学习   K近邻  

摘要： 针对新兴的纺织品洗液沾色评估需求存在的标准方法不统一且以目视法为主带来的主观性大、效率低、无法量化差异等问题,提出融合互信息、皮尔逊系数与多算法联合筛选的特征优化策略,结合6种机器学习模型进行对比分析,以dE为特征值,以KNN为代表的机器模型准确率可以达到92%。该模型不仅可用于纺织品洗液沾色程度评估领域,而且可实现目视法转为模型自动评级。

关键词： 微胶囊   纺织品   功能性应用   后整理   印染   耐用性  

摘要： 文章综合分析了微胶囊在纺织业的应用现状、优势与发展前景。通过分析微胶囊技术在纺织品后整理、功能性整理、印花应用等多方面的应用,结合国内外研究成果与应用案例,探讨其应用价值。研究指出,微胶囊技术可使纺织品实现多种功能的集成与提升,如留香驱蚊、抗菌防臭、调温保暖、智能变色、抗静电等,从而满足消费者对于纺织品功能性与舒适性的双重需求。此外,微胶囊也促进了纺织品的个性化与差异化发展,为纺织品市场带来了更多创新可能性。然而,微胶囊在该领域的应用仍面临一些挑战,如微胶囊在纺织品中的均匀分布、稳定性以及安全性等问题,需要进一步研究和解决。随着技术的不断进步和工艺的持续完善,微胶囊在纺织领域的应用前景将更加广阔。

关键词： 相变材料   相变调温   纺织品   多功能  

摘要： 相变调温纺织品通过相变材料在相态转换时的吸放热特性实现温度调节,可有效提升人体热舒适性。首先阐述了相变调温纺织品的调温机制,介绍了制备方法,并分析各制备方法的优势与局限性;随后重点综述适用于不同应用场景的多功能相变调温纺织品,如集成辐射制冷、光热/电热转换、军事红外隐身以及抗菌功能的纺织品,探讨其功能集成的设计策略;最后结合实际应用需求,指出多功能相变调温纺织品领域未来应着力提升长期调温稳定性、推进规模化生产以及突破多功能协同设计。

摘要： The use of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) in restorative dentistry requires instruction and training. Given the increasing product diversity and limited availability of in-person instruction and support, it is unclear if alternative training methods are beneficial.

关键词： CAD   Complex geometries   Curvilinear   High-order   Industrialisation   Mesh generation   Spectral/hp element methods  

摘要： Established a posteriori mesh generation, high-order mesh curving and some mesh optimisation approaches often rely on an accurate CAD parametrisation of the boundary of the computational domain. This information, however, is not always available, especially when composite multi-software workflows are employed. To deal with such cases, we propose a method for reconstructing the missing connectivity information between the mesh and the CAD geometry when importing an arbitrarily sourced mesh. The reconstruction is followed by curving methods for order elevation, projections or subsequently optimisations with boundary-conforming node sliding. Lastly, mesh modification techniques are used to achieve the desired mesh resolution and quality for meshes incorporating boundary layers. We illustrate the steps of the proposed end-to-end workflow through two simple geometries coming from different sources and an end-to-end complex automotive mesh generation test case.

关键词： 纺织品   重金属   可萃取态   生态风险   形态分析  

摘要： 为评估纺织品中重金属元素的形态特征及其潜在生态风险,本文基于GB/T 17593系列标准,选取婴幼儿及成人纺织品样品,采用原子吸收分光光度法(AAS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-OES)对镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)、铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铬(Cr)等重金属的总量与可萃取态展开定量分析。结果显示,不同样品中重金属总量普遍符合国家限值要求,但可萃取态部分元素存在超限风险。AAS与ICP-OES在检测灵敏度与多元素测定方面具有互补优势。研究表明,仅依赖总量分析难以全面反映重金属释放潜力,引入形态分析对生态风险评估更具现实指导意义。

关键词： 数字化技术   建筑设计   BIM   CAD   虚拟现实  

摘要： 基于数字化技术在建筑领域的迅猛发展,本文通过分析建筑信息模型(BIM)、计算机辅助设计(CAD)、虚拟现实与增强现实(VR/AR)、大数据等技术在建筑设计各阶段的实践应用,提出目前建筑设计中面临的技术适配、数据安全等关键问题,并探讨相应的对策。结果表明,数字化技术在提高建筑设计质量、推动设计创新和实现可持续发展方面具有显著优势,对建筑行业的转型升级具有重要意义。本文探究其在现代建筑设计中的应用现状与发展趋势,旨在为相关从业人员提供参考和借鉴,进一步挖掘人工智能在建筑生成设计中的潜力。

关键词： Visual explanation   Object detector   XAI   CAM-based method  

摘要： Visual explanation for object detectors is crucial for ensuring model reliability and promoting their application across a variety of domains. However, existing visual explanation methods often produce low-quality heat maps that highlight only parts of important regions for detected instances. This limitation reduces the interpretability of object detectors and hinders effective model analysis. To address this issue, we propose Spatial Sensitive Grad-CAM++, a visual explanation method for object detectors designed to enhance the quality of heat maps. The proposed method introduces a weighted combination of gradient maps into the heat map computation, taking into account the architecture of object detectors. This approach enables a more accurate representation of each CNN channel’s contribution to the final heat map, resulting in high-quality heat maps that better identify important regions. In quantitative evaluations using the deletion and insertion metrics, we confirm that the proposed method outperforms existing methods by approximately 30% and 8%, respectively. In qualitative evaluations, we further demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. These results suggest that the proposed method provides more faithful explanations, allowing for more accurate and reliable model analysis.