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关键词： Anatomist   Arthroplasty   Cadaver   Coloring Agents   Femoral Nerve   Knee Joint   Quadriceps Muscle   Sciatic Nerve   Staining and Labeling   Ultrasonography  

摘要：

关键词： CAD   Inception V3   IUM hybrid model   Mobile-NetV2   U-NetR   VS Grad-CAM  

摘要： Coronary artery disease(CAD) is a serious health issue worldwide. Early identification of CAD is used to prevent several complications, such as myocardial infarction and unexpected death. In existing studies, InceptionV3 is computationally intensive and struggles with long-range dependencies, whereas MobileNetV2 faces challenges in extracting intricate features from medical-image data. Similarly, U-NetR, despite its transformer-based encoding, requires large datasets for optimal performance and is computationally expensive because of its self-attention mechanism. To overcome these limitations, this study focuses on merging InceptionV3, U-NetR, and MobileNetV2 to enhance CAD classification performance. This approach involves utilizing pre-trained models and fine-tuning them using an angiographic dataset. The hybrid IUM model incorporates dynamic weighting to maximize prediction accuracy. Furthermore, this study employed VS Grad-CAM visualization to elucidate the classifier decisions using precise heatmaps, thereby improving interpretability. This method achieved exceptional diagnostic metrics: 0.97 accuracy, 0.99 F1-score, 0.98 specificity, and 0.97 sensitivity. This novel approach enhances diagnostic precision, minimizes manual errors, and facilitates real-time applications, making it a scalable and efficient solution for clinical application. Its prompt and accurate identification of CAD has the potential to enhance patient outcomes and optimize healthcare.

关键词： Cam   Extra-articular impingement   FAI   Femoroacetabular impingement   Hip dysplasia   Hip instability   Pincer  

摘要：

摘要： Accurate slope stability assessment is essential for the safe and economical operation of deep open-pit mines, especially in areas with complex geological and hydrological conditions. While two-dimensional (2D) analyses are still widely used in engineering practice, they struggle to accurately reflect true failure mechanisms in three-dimensional (3D) environments. This study offers a comprehensive comparison between 2D and 3D slope stability analyses specifically for the Sungun open-pit copper mine in Iran. A detailed 3D base model was developed using Rhinoceros and Griddle to accurately represent the pit geometry, geotechnical domains, and groundwater surface. This model facilitated the generation of a hexahedral mesh for FLAC3Dsimulations and allowed for the extraction of multiple 2D cross-sections for FLAC analyses in various directions. The 3D model predicted a rotational failure mechanism, yielding a global safety factor (FS3D) of 1.285, which was validated against field observations of tension cracks and active slope deformation. In contrast, the comparative 2D analyses produced varying results based on the orientation and location of the sections, withFS2Dvalues ranging from 1.04 to 4.11. While some 2D sections approximatedFS3Dvalues reasonably, none accurately captured both the geometry and extent of the failure surface. Notably, sections aligned with the primary direction of displacement (North-South) yielded the most representative results. These findings underscore the limitations of relying solely on 2D analyses for pit slope design in geologically complex settings. The integration of 3D numerical modeling with CAD-based geometry management is crucial for achieving reliable slope stability assessments and for minimizing design uncertainties in large-scale mining projects.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus   Depression   Cardiovascular disease (CVD)   Coronary artery disease (CAD)   Stroke   MASHAD study  

摘要： BackgroundDepression and diabetes mellitus (DM) are common comorbid conditions that could increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study investigated the independent and joint effects of DM and depression on the risk of CVD, coronary artery disease (CAD and stroke.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study evaluated 7063 individuals for CVD, CAD, and stroke events in a 10-year follow-up. The participants were divided into four groups depending on whether they had DM or depression. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjustment for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical covariates. Additive interaction was evaluated using the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI attributable proportion (AP and synergy index (S).ResultsTotal cardiovascular events were 830. Participants with both DM and depression had the highest risk of all cardiovascular outcomes. Compared with participants with neither condition, adjusted HRs were 2.93 for CVD, 2.85 for CAD, and 4.85 for stroke. While depression alone was not significantly associated with stroke, the coexistence of DM and depression was associated with more than a twofold higher risk of stroke compared with DM alone. Additive interaction analysis demonstrated a significant positive interaction for stroke (RERI = 2.084, AP = 0.430, S = 2.183 whereas no significant interaction was observed for CVD or CAD.ConclusionThe coexistence of DM and depression was associated with significantly increased risks of CVD, CAD, and stroke. A significant synergistic effect was observed specifically for stroke, suggesting that depression may amplify the cerebrovascular consequences of DM.

摘要： Plasticity transitions during carcinoma progression generate fetal-like progenitor states with metastatic capacity. How these progenitors emerge and persist during tumor progression remains unclear. Here, we elucidate a process that drives the emergence of SOX2+metastatic progenitors in lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD). LUAD cells at the tumor invasive front and distant metastases express the cell adhesion molecule L1CAM, a marker of regenerative epithelial progenitors and a mediator of cell-basement membrane and cell-cell interactions, as well as the proliferation of extravasated micrometastatic cells. We now identify a distinct and broader role of L1CAM as promoter of the SOX2+LUAD progenitor state. We show that L1CAM at cell-cell interfaces promotes the assembly of the planar cell polarity (PCP) complex in metastatic LUAD progenitors. L1CAM-dependent PCP acting through a non-canonical WNT signaling activates c-Jun, which cooperates with the chromatin remodeling factor CHD1 to driveSOX2expression and metastatic activity. This axis sustains the tumor-initiating and regenerative capacity of LUAD progenitor cells. By illuminating the role of L1CAM and PCP signaling in the generation of SOX2+LUAD progenitors, our findings identify potential new targets to treat metastatic cancer.

关键词： ADHD   animal models   CAM   herbal medicine   preclinical studies  

摘要： Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD a common neurodevelopmental condition, often requires treatment with stimulants such as methylphenidate and nonstimulants such as atomoxetine. Despite their effectiveness, medication-related side effects, adherence and symptom control issues have increased the interest in alternative therapies, especially herbal medicine. However, existing preclinical studies vary in quality and relevance. This systematic review evaluates animal studies investigating herbal medicines for ADHD;identifies limitations in experimental models, behavioral assessments, safety evaluation, and methodological rigor;and proposes a framework to guide future research. Methods: Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, PubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched for eligible studies published between 1995 and March 2025 that used animal models to interventions for the treatment of ADHD-like symptoms. Results: Analysis of 25 studies revealed a strong reliance on a limited range of animal models, particularly the spontaneously hypertensive rat (48% with 88% of studies using male animals exclusively. Behavioral assessments predominantly focused on hyperactivity (72% whereas evaluations of inattention and impulsivity were comparatively limited. Herbal interventions were associated with improvements in ADHD-like behaviors and modulation of catecholaminergic neurotransmission, including increased dopamine and norepinephrine levels in the prefrontal cortex. Additional mechanisms included activation of neurotrophic signaling pathways (brain-derived neurotrophic factor/TrkB) and suppression of proinflammatory mediators such as TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. However, 80% of the studies did not report safety outcomes, and no study clearly described randomization or blinding procedures, limiting the translational relevance of the findings. Despite these limitations, several formulations, including the Long Mu Qing Xin mixture, An Shen Ding Zhi Ling demo

关键词： CAM   HHT   blood vessel   chorio-allantoic membrane   precipitation   rotational viscometry   scanning electron microscopy   vascular malformation  

摘要： Vascular malformations, including arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), venous malformations (VMs), and lymphatic malformations (LMs), carry a risk of rupture, bleeding, and significant morbidity. AVMs are high-flow lesions associated with abnormal shunting between arteries and veins, while VMs and LMs are low-flow malformations characterized by dilated venous or lymphatic channels. Current therapeutic options are limited, which often results in mental health issues and diminished quality of life, particularly in younger patients. Sclerotherapy with ethanol-based agents is an effective minimally invasive treatment, particularly for low-flow lesions. Injectable ethyl cellulose-based gels containing ethanol have emerged as a potential treatment for sclerosing these abnormal vessels; however, their exact mechanism of action and behavior within the vasculature remain inadequately understood. Comprehensive knowledge of the therapeutic mechanism is crucial for optimizing its clinical application and achieving the best treatment outcomes. In this study, we explored the production process, stability, and intravascular behavior of ethanol-based gels, providing essential information for clinical practice and patient care. We developed an injection model to elucidate the physical properties and dynamics of the gel under flow conditions in vitro and within blood vessels in ovo. Our results demonstrate an effective and safe injection, showing limited adverse effects. These insights contribute to advancing injectable polymer-based gel formulations, offering improved options for treating vascular malformations.

关键词： Design for Six Sigma   sustainable product design   desirability function   TRIZ   quality function deployment   design of experiments   DMADV   IDOV   structural concrete block   CAD/CAE  

摘要： This study proposes and validates a structured methodology based on Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) for sustainable product design, addressing the lack of standardization in the integration of design tools and the need to simultaneously consider qualitative, quantitative, and sustainability-related variables. The methodology integrates Voice of the Customer (VOC Quality Function Deployment (QFD Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ computer-aided design and engineering (CAD/CAE and Design of Experiments (DOE) within a ten-stage framework combining the stages from DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify) and IDOV (Identify, Design, Optimize, Validate) approaches. The proposed method was applied to the design of a structural concrete block, considering performance variables such as weight, factor of safety, displacement, energy consumption, and carbon emissions. The results show that the integration of QFD enabled prioritization of customer requirements, while DOE and regression models identified significant factors and interactions. Multi-response optimization using desirability functions achieved a balanced solution, improving structural performance and sustainability indicators. In particular, a significant reduction in carbon emissions was achieved. Validation through simulation confirmed the consistency between predicted and observed results. The findings demonstrate that the proposed methodology provides a systematic and replicable approach for product design, improving decision-making and supporting the development of more sustainable products.