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关键词： Soft Matter  

ISBN: (数字)9783527851416 ISBN: (纸本)9783527354962

摘要： Explores sustainable innovations with hydrogels and aerogels for high-performance, eco-friendly textile applications The increasing global demand for sustainable, multifunctional, and high-performance materials has positioned hydrogels and aerogels as transformative resources within textile engineering. Hydrogels and Aerogels for Functional Textiles: From Sustainable Syntheses to Applications provides an in-depth treatment of the science, synthesis, and practical use of these advanced materials. Covering both fundamental research and applied technologies, this comprehensive volume highlights the growing importance of renewable and biodegradable systems, offering readers a robust understanding of how cellulose-based hydrogels and aerogels are driving innovation in eco-fashion, biomedical textiles, protective clothing, and smart wearable systems. Organized into thematic sections, the book begins with an introduction to the chemistry, synthesis methods, and structural properties of hydrogels and aerogels, detailing their functional advantages in moisture management, thermal insulation, flame resistance, antimicrobial activity, and biodegradability. It then examines cutting-edge applications ranging from sustainable fashion solutions to advanced biomedical systems such as wound dressings, drug delivery platforms, and biosensors. Later chapters explore their roles in adaptive wearables, protective clothing, and extreme-environment gear, underscoring their transformative impact on multiple industries. The concluding sections address critical barriers to commercialization, including cost efficiency, recycling, and biocompatibility, while proposing innovative strategies rooted in green chemistry and circular economy models. The first comprehensive resource of its kind to link hydrogel and aerogel fundamentals to textile applications, Hydrogels and Aerogels for Functional Textiles: Features contributions from leading international experts in textile engineering, materials sc

关键词： very elderly patient   percutaneous coronary intervention   PCI   mechanical circulatory support   MCS   complex high-risk indicated procedure   CHIP   calcified coronary lesion   coronary artery disease   CAD  

摘要： Interventional treatment of very elderly patients with severe coronary artery disease is currently one of the central topics in interventional cardiology. Technological progress and increased life expectancy have made these patients appropriate candidates for contemporary standards of care, especially those with an active lifestyle. We hereby report the case of a 95-year-old patient hospitalized for acute myocardial infarction, who underwent a complex percutaneous coronary intervention with mechanical circulatory support. A literature review on mechanical circulatory support devices in older adults is also provided.

关键词： CAD/CAM polymers   PEEK   fiber-reinforced composites   graphene-reinforced polymers   thermal aging   dental materials  

摘要： CAD/CAM polymer-based dental materials are increasingly used as metal-free alternatives for fixed and implant-supported restorations. High-performance polymers such as polyetheretherketone (PEEK), fiber-reinforced composites, and graphene-reinforced polymers have been introduced to improve material stability;however, evidence regarding the effects of thermal aging on their physicochemical and biological properties remains limited. In this study, PEEK, a fiber-reinforced composite (FRC), and a graphene-reinforced PMMA-based polymer (G-CAM) were evaluated. Twenty-seven disc-shaped specimens (10 & times;2 mm;n = 9 per material) were fabricated and subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles between 5 and 55 degrees C. Color change (Delta E00), surface roughness (Ra), and Vickers microhardness (VHN) were measured before and after aging. Chemical stability was assessed using FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, surface morphology by SEM analysis, and biological safety by cytotoxicity testing. Material-dependent differences were observed in color stability, surface roughness, and microhardness after thermal aging (p < 0.05). Microhardness decreased in the fiber-reinforced and graphene-reinforced materials, whereas PEEK showed no significant change. Spectroscopic analyses indicated preserved chemical structure, and all materials demonstrated acceptable cytocompatibility. Thermal aging influenced material behavior while chemical stability and biological safety were maintained, highlighting the importance of considering aging behavior during material selection for prosthetic restorations.

关键词： bleeding   coronary artery disease   endovascular therapy   peripheral artery disease (PAD)  

关键词： CAD-CAM material   dual-cure resin cement   light-cure resin cement   degree of conversion   hardness   endocrown  

摘要： Highlights What are the main findings? Light transmission through CAD-CAM resin composites decreases exponentially with thickness. Dual-cure resin cement polymerization decreases markedly above 5.5 mm thickness. Adequate polymerization occurs when the composite thickness is below approximately 5.5 mm. What are the implications of the main findings? Self-curing alone cannot compensate for insufficient light under thick restorations. Excessive pulp-chamber extension may increase the risk of debonding and *** What are the main findings? Light transmission through CAD-CAM resin composites decreases exponentially with thickness. Dual-cure resin cement polymerization decreases markedly above 5.5 mm thickness. Adequate polymerization occurs when the composite thickness is below approximately 5.5 mm. What are the implications of the main findings? Self-curing alone cannot compensate for insufficient light under thick restorations. Excessive pulp-chamber extension may increase the risk of debonding and *** This study investigated the effect of CAD-CAM resin composite thickness on the polymerization behavior of dual-cure resin cements used for endocrown restorations. Three commercially available dual-cure resin cements and one light-cure resin cement (for comparison) were polymerized by light irradiation through CAD-CAM resin composite plates of varying thicknesses (1.5, 3.5, 5.5, 7.5, and 9.5 mm). Transmitted light intensity was measured using an optical spectrometer. Polymerization behavior was evaluated immediately after irradiation and after 24 h of aging using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the degree of conversion (DC) and Vickers hardness (VH) testing. Transmitted light intensity decreased logarithmically with increasing composite thickness, with less than 1% of incident light reaching the resin cement at thicknesses >= 5.5 mm. For the dual-cure resin cements, DC and VH values significantly decreased when the composite

关键词： CAD/CAM   case report   lithium disilicate   mandibular central incisor   minimally invasive dentistry   resin-bonded bridge  

摘要： Rehabilitation of a missing mandibular central incisor with a resin-bonded single-retainer fixed dental prosthesis is challenging, particularly in young patients where implant placement may be contraindicated. This case describes the replacement of a mandibular left central incisor in an 18-year-old male following trauma, using a lithium disilicate single-retainer resin-bonded bridge fabricated via CAD/CAM technology and designed with a virtual articulator for occlusal optimization. A strictly enamel-limited preparation was performed on the left lateral incisor. The prosthesis was designed and milled from lithium disilicate glass ceramic (*** CAD) and bonded following standard adhesive protocols. Immediate integration was achieved without occlusal adjustments. At 25 months, clinical examination revealed stable periodontal tissues, absence of inflammation, and satisfactory esthetic integration. This case highlights a conservative digital workflow for anterior mandibular tooth replacement, combining lithium disilicate material with virtual articulator planning to minimize adjustments and preserve dental tissues. Long-term studies are required to confirm durability in this indication.

关键词： tire tread pattern   similarity detection   3D CAD model   multi-level fusion   topological structure   circumferential sequence  

摘要： To address the limitations of existing similarity detection methods in comprehensively characterizing the complex topological structures and circumferential sequence features of tire tread patterns, a multi-level fusion similarity detection method for 3D CAD tire tread pattern models is proposed. The proposed framework establishes an interpretable similarity evaluation system that integrates four complementary levels-global, local, sequential, and topological. At the global level, an edge-based histogram metric quantifies differences in the overall distribution of geometric elements. At the local level, a surface feature difference matrix combined with a greedy matching algorithm captures local geometric consistency between models. At the sequential level, a common sub-chain detection approach identifies circumferential sequence features, while at the topological level, adjacency attribute graphs coupled with a simulated annealing algorithm are used to discover topological correspondences among representative substructures. Finally, a weighted fusion strategy integrates all hierarchical features to compute an overall similarity measure. Experimental validation based on similarity ranking demonstrates that the proposed method produces rank orders consistent with human evaluations across diverse tread pattern models, effectively reflecting both geometric and topological variations. The algorithm exhibits stable, monotonic ranking behavior under local incompleteness and scale variations, and maintains reasonable similarity ordering for uncalibrated samples, confirming its robustness and generalization capabilities. The proposed method achieves a comprehensive representation of 3D tire tread pattern models-from geometric and topological configurations to circumferential sequences-providing a reliable technical foundation for tread pattern design reuse, structural retrieval, and competitive analysis.

关键词： 3D printing   marginal adaptation   internal fit   micro-CT imaging   fixed dental prosthesis (FDPs)  

摘要： (1) Purpose: To compare the fabrication accuracy, internal fit, and marginal adaptation of three-unit definitive resin fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) produced by subtractive milling and additive manufacturing. (2) Materials and Methods: A typodont mandible was prepared for a three-unit FDP, with full crown preparations on teeth mandibular left canine and mandibular left second premolar featuring 1 mm chamfer finish lines. The FDP was designed with a 16 mm2 connector and a 100 & micro;m cement gap. Two milling materials (Ambarino High-Class, IPS *** CAD) and two experimental 3D printing hybrid resins (3D-1, 3D-2) were used. All restorations were scanned using an intraoral scanner and compared to the original STL using reverse engineering software for surface trueness and deviation analysis. The internal fit was evaluated using the triple-scan method, while marginal fit was assessed via micro-CT imaging. Statistical analysis was conducted using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests (alpha = 0.05). (3) Results: Milled groups demonstrated a lower prevalence of external, marginal, and overall surface deviations (p < 0.001), while 3D-1 exhibited comparable deviations within the internal region with M-E (p = 0.067). Milled groups had average gap values that were similar to 3D-1 (p > 0.08), but significantly lower than 3D-2 (p < 0.002). In marginal adaptation evaluated by micro-CT, the M-A and M-E groups provided significantly lower gaps, while the 3D-1 and 3D-2 groups exhibited wider marginal and axial gaps. (4) Conclusions: These results indicate that while milling remains a more reliable manufacturing method for achieving external and marginal precision, position 3D-1 is a compelling, chairside alternative to milling.

关键词： automotive engineering   multidisciplinary   simultaneous design process   unified   modular and agile design process   multidisciplinary design analysis   Collaborative Vehicle Configuration Schema   central data model  

摘要： One of the pressing challenges facing the German automotive sector nowadays is the time-consuming development process of road vehicles, particularly in comparison to other automotive manufacturers. Traditional approaches, i.e., the sequential design process of road vehicles can lead to tedious data exchange and delayed decision-making. The automation of the development process to reduce development time, while taking into consideration the collaboration between the involved multidisciplinary engineering teams and their tools, can be crucial for the German automotive industry to regain its competitive edge. To address this objective, this paper presents an approach that makes use of the Collaborative Vehicle Configuration Schema (CVeCS) and multidisciplinary design analysis and optimization (MDA(O)) techniques. To be more specific, a unified design process is presented that encompasses the conceptual design phase as well as the initial stages of the subsequent detailed development. The potential of this approach to enhance competitiveness of the German automotive sector is demonstrated based on the MDA(O) workflow of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle named Interurban Vehicle (IUV). The IUV is a research road vehicle designed at the German Aerospace Center. In general, within the context of this paper, the first steps towards automating the entire development process are taken. Overall, this paper concludes that this approach enables a shift from a sequential development process to a simultaneous one providing a unified, modular and agile design process that contributes to enhancing the decision-making process and facilitating interdisciplinary analyses.