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关键词： prefabricated timber construction   design-to-manufacturing   BIM-CAD-CAM interoperability   CNC systems   digital workflow   software integration   Australia  

摘要： The growing adoption of prefabricated timber construction in Australia has highlighted persistent difficulties in integrating digital workflows between architectural design, structural engineering, and manufacturing. Although Building Information Modelling (BIM Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM and Computer Numerical Control (CNC) technologies are increasingly used, fragmented software environments, inconsistent data exchange, and limited early manufacturer involvement continue to cause information loss, manual rework, and design-to-manufacturing workflow gaps. This study provides a PRISMA-informed structured review of design-to-manufacturing integration in prefabricated timber construction, focusing on workflow stages, software ecosystems, interoperability issues, and manufacturer-ready data requirements. Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 588 records from ScienceDirect and Web of Science were screened, resulting in 60 peer-reviewed studies. These were supplemented by 32 practice-based technical sources, including industry reports, software manuals, user guides, CNC/machinery manuals, and interface documents. The review maps current workflows for timber frames, trusses, and mass timber components, identifying recurring challenges such as fragmented responsibilities, insufficient data detail, incompatible software, repeated remodelling, and weak design-production continuity. Based on these findings, the paper proposes a conceptual digital integration framework emphasising early collaboration, shared parametric logic, and clearer manufacturer-ready data to support more reliable, resource-efficient, and sustainable design-to-manufacturing workflows in Australian prefabricated timber construction.

关键词： CAD-CAM block   curing light   polymerization   repair   universal adhesive  

摘要： Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the effects of increased exposure time and different levels of irradiance on the repair bond strength (& micro;TBS) and degree of conversion (DoC) of two universal adhesives. Methods: Computer-aided design-computeraided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) composite blocks were prepared and subjected to thermal cycling. They were randomly divided into two groups based on the adhesive agent used: Clearfil S-3 Bond Universal (CSU) or Gluma Bond Universal (GBU). Within each group, the specimens were further classified into six subgroups (n = 6 blocks) according to irradiance (1,000 or 1,400 mW/ cm(2 and exposure time (10, 15, or 20 s). The bonded specimens were then repaired using nano-hybrid resin composite. Sticks measuring 0.9 mm(2) were obtained from the repaired blocks and subsequently tested in a micro-tensile testing machine. Additionally, the DoC was assessed using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Results: The 1400*10 group of GBU and CSU demonstrated higher & micro;TBS than the 1000*10 and 1400*15 groups, regardless of thermal cycling (P = 0.000). For CSU, the 1400*10 group showed the highest DoC (P < 0.05). However, the DoC of GBU did not differ significantly among the various irradiation/exposure times (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The polymerization of adhesives at an irradiance level of 1,400 mW/cm2 for 10 s (14 J/cm2) increases the repair & micro;TBS and DoC regardless of thermal cycling.

关键词： Resin cements   Shear strength   Post and core technique   Computed aided design  

摘要： This study evaluated the effect of different resin cements (RCs) on the push-out bond strength (BS) of CAD-CAM milled glass fiber posts (GFPs) in different intraradicular levels (cervical, middle and apical). Thirty-three single-rooted premolars were standardized to 14-mm root length. Canals were prepared using gutta-percha and calcium hydroxide-based sealer (Sealer 26) via the single-cone technique. After removing 9 mm of filling, canals were molded with acrylic resin to produce CAD-CAM GFPs (Fiber CAD Lab) by subtractive manufacturing. GFPs were randomly cemented (n = 11) using: self-etching dual-cure RC (Panavia F2.0 conventional dual-cure RC (RelyX Ultimate or self-cure RC (Multilink N per manufacturer instructions. After 48 h, roots were sliced (cervical, middle, apical) and subjected to push-out testing (0.5 mm/min). Failure mode (FM) was assessed (40 x magnification). BS data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA/Tukey (alpha = 0.05);FM by Fisher's exact test. The self-etching dual-cure RC showed significantly higher BS than the self-cure RC (p < 0.05). Conventional dual-cure RC showed intermediate values (p > 0.05). Root thirds showed no significant differences. FM was unaffected by RC or root region (p > 0.05 with mixed failures predominating. The bond strength of milled GFPs was influenced by the resin cement type, but not by the root third.

关键词： microbiome   context-aware network   optimal consortium  

摘要： Microbes exist within complex community contexts, particularly for key functional species whose stable colonization critically depends on specific ecological partners. However, conventional microbial correlation analyses predominantly rely on isolated pairwise metrics (e.g. Spearman, SparCC, and FlashWeave which ignore community-level dependencies. This limitation leads to spurious associations in large-scale datasets and obscures the true structure of microbial interactions. Here, we introduce CAM-Net, a context-aware framework that identifies a target microbe's optimal consortium, a fully connected network subset that accurately predicts its abundance. By constructing networks via multi-hop information propagation, CAM-Net effectively filters false positives from indirect associations and captures complex, context-dependent patterns that are inaccessible to traditional pairwise approaches. We evaluated CAM-Net on over 25 000 human gut microbiome samples using Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus acidophilus as representatives of indigenous and transient colonizers. CAM-Net identified a coherent and reproducible consortium for A. muciniphila, but only weak association structures for L. acidophilus, consistent with their ecological behaviors. In contrast, pairwise methods produced spurious associations for both species. Notably, despite substantial geographic heterogeneity, Alistipes shahii consistently emerged as a conserved core member of the A. muciniphila consortium, demonstrating the advantage of context-aware modeling. The source code is available at https://***/qdu-bioinfo/CAM-Net.

关键词： Image inpainting   generative adversarial network   Mamba, context aware module  

摘要： Achieving visually and semantically coherent image inpainting remains challenging, particularly for large missing regions with limited contextual cues. Although GAN-based models are widely used, they often lack contextual information with free-form holes, leading to significant structural inconsistencies, impaired global coherence and loss of fine-grained texture details. We propose CAM-Net, a context-aware, lightweight GAN architecture designed for improved and semantically consistent inpainting. In addition to the context-aware features, we explore long-range dependency features with linear time complexity given by Mamba to build a memory-efficient inpainting model. We evaluated CAM-Net on two widely used inpainting benchmarks: CelebA-HQ and Places2. The results demonstrate that the proposed model delivers slightly better inpainting quality with a great reduction in the parameters than the existing state-of-the-art approaches. The code implementation is available at https://***/saloni1126/CAM-Net.

摘要： Background: Mandibular reconstruction after segmental mandibulectomy presents significant functional and aesthetic challenges. Virtual surgical planning and 3-dimensional printing improve surgical precision but are costly and time-consuming. In-house protocols have emerged as alternatives to reduce costs and accelerate workflows. The in-and-out technique is an innovative in-house method that uses a 3-dimensional printed biomodel to transfer reconstruction plate positioning to cutting guides.Methods: This retrospective cohort study compared mandibular reconstruction accuracy using the in-and-out technique versus a computer-aided design and manufacturing protocol of the reconstruction plate. Fourteen patients underwent fibula flap mandibular reconstruction between May of 2022 and February of 2024. There were 7 patients in each group. Postoperative computed tomography scans were compared with preoperative stereolithographic models to evaluate volumetric accuracy using CloudCompare. Intercondylar and intergonial distances were assessed with MeshLab. Nonparametric tests were used for superiority and noninferiority studies.Results: Median stereolithographic deviation was 0.21 mm (interquartile range [IQR 0.15 to 0.26 mm) for the in-and-out group and 0.18 mm (IQR, 0.17 to 0.21 mm) for the control group. The median intercondylar deviation was 2.11 mm (IQR, 1.26 to 2.32 mm) for the in-and-out group versus 1.89 mm (IQR, 0.92 to 3.41 mm) in the control group. Median intergonial deviation was 1.86 mm (IQR, 1.38 to 2.41 mm) for the in-and-out group versus 1.95 mm (IQR, 1.14 to 2.93 mm) for the control group. With the in-and-out technique, costs were reduced by more than 75%, and workaround time was reduced from 2 weeks to 2 days. Time from biopsy to surgery time was reduced in 8 days.Conclusions: The in-and-out technique may be a viable alternative to outsourced computer-aided design and manufacturing workflows for mandibular reconstruction at a fraction of the cost, especially

关键词： Modeling   Optimization   Turbines   Design methodology   Robustness   Uncertainty   Fuels   Tracking   Humanoid robots   Robots   bipedal locomotion   computer aided design   multiobjective optimization   genetic algorithms  

摘要： This letter presents a co-design and optimization framework for improving robustness in an aerial humanoid equipped with variable turbine configurations. The approach integrates CAD-based modeling, domain randomization, and multi-objective evolutionary optimization to jointly explore turbine placement, jetpack geometry, and controller gains under uncertainty. We generate a family of candidate robot models using Uniform Latin Hypercube sampling and perturb nominal inertial properties and turbine thrust estimation parameters to emulate modeling and actuation uncertainty encountered in practice. We evaluate robustness through randomized assessments of trajectory-tracking and fuel-consumption objectives using an adapted NSGA-II algorithm that incorporates fairness-aware seed selection and multi-seed performance aggregation. Across these stochastic evaluations, the framework identifies design-controller pairs that maintain stable flight behavior while balancing energy efficiency. As all evaluated configurations are derived from CAD-generated models, the resulting solutions ensure physical consistency and manufacturability, providing a structured foundation for robustness-driven co-design of jet-powered aerial humanoid systems.

关键词： CAD   reverse engineering   curve fitting   solid modeling   structure editing  

摘要： Reconstructing editable CAD models from mesh data remains a fundamental yet challenging problem in reverse engineering. Existing methods often struggle to achieve both geometric accuracy and topological consistency, especially when recovering analytic design intent from complex meshes. We present an interactive CAD reverse modeling framework based on variational curve approximation, which bridges mesh segmentation and parametric reconstruction in a unified manner. Our method extracts surface-aligned cutting curves from segmented regions and refines them through a variational approximation process that encodes primitive attributes and geometric constraints. This enables the automatic recovery of closed loops, constraint relations, and operation parameters, leading to a compact and topologically consistent CAD representation. In addition, a coplanar profile detection and voxel-similarity-based Boolean inference are developed to restore the topological order of the original modeling sequence. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach achieves higher geometric fidelity, better structural consistency, and improved automation compared with state-of-the-art techniques. The reconstructed models are watertight, topologically consistent, and readily applicable to downstream CAD design tasks.

关键词： CAD/CAM   Composite finishing and polishing   Roughness   Biocompatibility   Mesenchymal stem cells  

摘要： The surface quality of composite CAD/CAM restorations is vital in aesthetics, longevity, and the biological response of surrounding gingival tissues. Yet, little is known about how different finishing and polishing techniques influence cellular behavior at the tissue interface. This study aimed to evaluate how various finishing and polishing systems affect the surface roughness of composite CAD/CAM blocks, and how these differences influence the attachment, viability, and inflammatory response of gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs). Seventy-seven composite CAD/CAM specimens were prepared and subjected to one-step, two-step, and multi-step finishing/polishing protocols, with or without polishing paste. Surface roughness was measured using a digital profilometer. GMSCs were isolated from healthy donors, characterized, and cultured on the composite surfaces. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay, adhesion was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM and inflammation-related gene expression (IL-1 beta and TGF-beta) was analyzed via q-PCR. Polished surfaces significantly reduced roughness and improved biological outcomes. Two-step finishing and polishing with paste resulted in the smoothest surfaces. GMSCs showed greater attachment and viability on polished composites, particularly in the two-step group. Inflammatory gene expression was lowest in polished groups, with IL-1 beta expression highest in unpolished specimens and TGF-beta expression highest in the one-step groups. Finishing and polishing protocols directly impact the surface roughness as well as the biocompatibility of CAD/CAM composite surfaces. Smoother surfaces achieved through proper finishing and polishing enhance cell attachment and viability, and reduce inflammatory responses, highlighting the critical role of finishing in restorative success beyond aesthetics.