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关键词： Gongxuening capsule   high performance liquid chromatography   charged aerosol detector   fingerprints   Rhizoma Paridis Saponins  

摘要： Background Gongxuening capsule (GXN) is a commonly used Chinese patent medicine for treating gynecological diseases in China. Currently, the available detection methods are constrained and inadequate due to the complex chemical composition of the capsule. The saponin components have a wide range of polarities and a weak response in low-band ultraviolet detection, which is compounded by numerous interference peaks. These factors make it difficult to accurately quantify the active ingredients. Objective This study aims to develop the chromatographic fingerprint of GXN using high-performance liquid chromatography in conjunction with a charged aerosol detector (HPLC-CAD) and quantitatively analyze its principal components. Methods A chromatographic separation was performed on an Acclaim C30 column (3 mm & times;250 mm, 3 & micro;m) with a gradient elution program using a mixture of acetonitrile (A) and water (B) as mobile phase: (0-5 min, 40% A;5-20 min, 40-45% A;20-35 min, 45-50% A;35-45 min, 50% A). The flow rate was maintained at 0.4 mL min(-1), and the column temperature was set at 10 degrees C. An injection volume of 1 mu L was used, and the sampling frequency was 5 Hz, with a filtration constant of 3.6 s, and an atomization temperature of 50 degrees C. Six batches of GXN were subjected to chromatographic fingerprinting to establish their similarity. Furthermore, the quantification of the principal components was conducted to determine their content. Results The HPLC chromatographic fingerprint of GXN was established, and 9 common peaks were identified with 6 batches of samples sharing a close similarity, which is greater than 0.960. Polyphyllin I (PPI), polyphyllin II (PPII), polyphyllin VII (PPVII), polyphyllin D (PPD), polyphyllin H (PPH) and gracillin had a good linearity with peak area within the corresponding concentration range. Correlation coefficients were >0.999, and the recovery of the method was in the range of 98.56-101.50%, with RSD values below 2.0%.

关键词： dental materials   color   ceramics   material testing   mouthwashes  

摘要： Caries control is essential for the long-term success of dental restorations, and the frequent use of mouthwashes may influence the esthetic properties of restorative materials. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of several commercially available mouthwashes on the color stability of resin-based CAD/CAM restorative materials. Three CAD/CAM materials were investigated: a hybrid ceramic (Cerasmart), a polymer-infiltrated ceramic (Vita Enamic), and a reinforced composite (Brilliant Crios). Rectangular specimens were immersed in Eludril Classic, Listerine Total Care, Listerine Advanced White, and distilled water (control). Color measurements were performed at baseline and after immersion periods up to 24 h using a digital spectrophotometer, and color differences (Delta E00) were calculated. Statistical analysis revealed that both mouthwash type and immersion time had a statistically significant effect on color change (p <= 0.05). All tested materials exhibited Delta E00 values exceeding the clinically acceptable threshold. These findings suggest that prolonged mouthwash use may compromise the esthetic longevity of resin-based CAD/CAM restorations. The null hypothesis was that prolonged use of mouthwash does not influence the color of resin-based CAD/CAM materials especially for those containing alcohol.

关键词： Computer-aided diagnosis   Computed tomography   Lung cancer detection   Multilayer perception   Osprey optimization algorithm   Gray level co-occurrence matrix   Local binary pattern  

摘要： Lung cancer remains one of the deadliest cancers worldwide, largely due to late-stage diagnosis and the complex, often asymptomatic progression of the disease. The study presents a new noise-aware Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) framework for lung cancer detection in CT scans, addressing the critical challenge of image noise that can obscure vital diagnostic details. Thus, the proposed work uses a multilayer perceptron-based classifier that uses texture descriptors from the Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM) and Local Binary Pattern (LBP), integrates Inception V3 for feature extraction, and introduces a high-level adaptive Gaussian filter with Multi-spatial Channel Attention (MSCA) convolutional segmentation. Finally, classification was achieved via a multilayer perceptron (MLP) using a novel Adaptive Osprey Optimization Algorithm (AOOA). This architecture enables effective feature learning, segmentation, and classification through modular integration of CNN, attention, and statistical texture extraction. The experimental results on the IQ-OTH/NCCD dataset show a classification accuracy (0.9894), specificity (0.9917), sensitivity (0.9846), and AUC metrics. This framework holds strong potential for real-world clinical integration, offering improved early diagnosis and supporting radiologists in lung cancer assessment.

关键词： CMD   coronary physiology   CT-FFR   FFR   inflammation  

摘要： Leveraging observational data from the TRMM-KWAJEX field campaign, which captures the evolution of mixed Rossby-gravity (MRG) waves, this study evaluates how parameterization schemes influence convectively coupled MRG waves in the Community Atmospheric Model single-column framework (SCAM). Four configurations are examined: the traditional approach that uses separate deep (ZM) and shallow (UW) convection schemes (CAM_ZMUW), unified shallow-deep convection (CAM_UNICON), unified cloud-turbulence (CAM_CLUBB), and super-parameterization (CAM_SP). While precipitation is relatively insensitive to parameterization choice, diabatic heating fields differ markedly, which shape temperature, moisture and MRG wave characteristics. All simulations capture the general eastward tilt of MRG waves, but with varying fidelity. CAM_ZMUW and CAM_UNICON produce overly strong convection, while CAM_CLUBB underestimates low-level early-phase moistening. Only CAM_CLUBB and CAM_SP reproduce the successive vertical subgrid-scale transport of moist static energy convergence, though the transport is weaker in CAM_CLUBB, whereas mass-flux-based schemes lack coherent vertical organization. Experiments combining Cloud Layers Unified by Binormals (CLUBB) with ZM deep convection behave similarly to CAM_ZMUW, indicating strong sensitivity to deep-convection scheme. Applying stricter convective triggering in ZM convection alleviates the lower-tropospheric dry bias but does not lead to an improved simulation of the convectively coupled MRG wave. The stochastic Subgrid Importance Latin Hypercube Sampler, a Monte Carlo technique designed to integrate over subgrid variability and improve estimates of its effects on microphysical process rates, has a relatively minor impact on MRG modeling in CLUBB. These results underscore the need to improve the representation of shallow-to-deep convective transitions in mass-flux schemes and to enhance the vertical subgrid-scale transport within the CLUBB framework.

关键词： Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM)   Kalancho & euml   fedtschenkoi   light intensity   malate decarboxylation   malate remobilisation   photoperiod   PYRUVATE ORTHOPHOSPHATE DIKINASE (PPDK)   vacuolar malate efflux  

摘要： Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plants primarily fix atmospheric CO2 at night and store it as malic acid in their vacuoles. During daytime, the vacuolar malate is remobilised and decarboxylated to supply CO2 for Rubisco assimilation. Light intensity and photoperiod play crucial roles in regulating this process, but their influences on the underlying molecular and biochemical mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, physiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches were integrated to uncover the temporal patterns and light responsiveness of gene transcript and protein abundances, and the activities of enzymes involved in diurnal malate remobilisation in the obligate CAM plant Kalancho & euml;fedtschenkoi. Vacuolar malate transport was primarily influenced by the endogenous clock and photoperiod, with the ALUMINIUM-ACTIVATED MALATE TRANSPORTER 4 (ALMT4) being a more plausible transporter candidate than the TONOPLAST DICARBOXYLATE TRANSPORTER (tDT). Malate decarboxylation was mainly dictated by photoperiod, with light intensity playing a supplementary role. Both photoperiod and light intensity greatly affected CO2 refixation and pyruvate recycling, with PYRUVATE ORTHOPHOSPHATE DIKINASE (PPDK) being the most strictly light-regulated player at the mRNA, protein abundance and activity levels, closely matching malate dynamics. Overall, PPDK seems to be a key regulator of light-dependent diurnal deacidification in CAM leaves, rather than the vacuolar malate transport or decarboxylation processes. PPDK is essential to initiate gluconeogenic recovery of storage carbohydrates in CAM photosynthetic species and is identified as a putative regulator of the diurnal processing of malate in CAM.

关键词： Power equipment   image   feature extraction   Grad-CAM heatmap   CNN  

摘要： To accurately extract image features of power equipment, improve the diagnostic efficiency of power equipment faults, and ensure the stable operation of the power system, this study optimizes the convolutional neural network algorithm using gradient weighted class activation mapping heatmap. Based on the optimized algorithm, a method for extracting image features of power equipment has been developed. The experiment analyzed the feature extraction performance of the optimization algorithm on the MS COCO, ImageNet, LFW, and ORB datasets. The results demonstrated that the algorithm had an accuracy rate of over 96% in extracting different features from images in different datasets, and its feature extraction accuracy rate was also over 94% under the influence of interference. In the analysis of the actual effectiveness of optimization methods, the extraction error rate of features from images of different power equipment was less than 3%. Therefore, the proposed method for extracting image features of power equipment can accurately extract features from different power equipment images, thereby enabling accurate diagnosis of the operating status of power equipment and improving the stability of power system operation.

关键词： Amines  

摘要： Amines play several key roles in chemistry and biology and are involved in numerous industrial processes, often with significant economic impacts. Recently, amines are also garnering interest as catalysts for polymer synthesis and for CO2fixation, incentivizing the need to rapidly design and screen new amino compounds. Hence, developing reliable methods to predict their physicochemical properties, e.g., the base dissociation constant (pKb), is pivotal. Here, a density functional theory (DFT)-based approach was employed to compute the pKb of substituted amines, exploring the impact of several key parameters, including (i) the number of explicit water molecules at the reaction center, (ii) the van der Waals (vdW) surface, and (iii) solvent polarizability. In previous work, it was determined that including two explicit water molecules at the reaction center resulted in highly accurate pKb estimates for primary amines. Here, we find that including a third water molecule at the reaction center is essential for accurate pKb for secondary and tertiary amines. The revised methodology was then applied to a wider selection of amines, obtaining a minimum average error (MAE) < 0.4. This result represents an extension of our “easy-to-use method,” a simple and direct DFT approach exploiting CAM-B3LYP/SMD/6-311G+(d,p) to compute pKb withoutpost factomodifications.

关键词： Biosensors  

摘要： Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a crucial biomarker for hepatobiliary disorders, bone diseases, and cancer progression, requires ultrasensitive detection methods to meet clinical diagnostic requirements. Current methodologies predominantly depend on single-readout mechanisms that fail to address the growing requirements of sensitivity, operational simplicity, and adaptability to resource-limited settings. Herein, we present a CRISPR/Cas12a-mediated ALP detection (CAD) isothermal amplification system that overcomes these challenges through a novel dual-signal (fluorescence and lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA)) readout mechanism. The system features a rationally engineered hairpin DNA probe (HPP) that initiates Klenow (exo-)-driven polymerase elongation upon ALP recognition, subsequently activating Cas12a's trans-cleavage activity for exponential signal amplification. With fluorescence readout, this cascade amplification strategy achieves unprecedented sensitivity with a detection limit of 0.1 U L-1 and a wide linear range (0.1-10 U L-1), outperforming conventional colorimetric methods by one order of magnitude while maintaining exceptional specificity against biological interferents. Furthermore, the LFIA adaptation of the readout bridges the gap between laboratory-based detection and point-of-care applications. This user-friendly adaptation enables instrument-free visual detection with a clear cut-off value of about 7 U L-1, offering the potential to effectively differentiate pathological samples from normal physiological levels with an appropriate dilution factor for clinical samples. Our dual-mode biosensing strategy not only enables high-precision quantitative analysis in clinical settings but also facilitates rapid qualitative detection under resource-limited conditions, thus offering significant potential for early disease diagnosis and long-term therapeutic monitoring.