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关键词： Diffusion models   class activation map   natural language processing   user requirement extraction   generative design  

摘要： User-generated content has emerged as a valuable source for identifying product and service needs. To address the challenges of accurately extracting user intent from social media data and mitigating the misinterpretation of intentions by large models, this paper proposes DM-CAM. This product design method integrates diffusion models with class activation mapping. A dataset of 24,003 user posts is collected from the Weibo platform, and user demand keywords are extracted through community detection using the Leiden algorithm. These keywords are transformed into semantic input vectors for the generation process. The image generation is guided by a SqueezeNet-based pre-trained CNN, with CAM employed to visualise salient regions and refine design outcomes. To evaluate the effectiveness and adaptability of the proposed method, a series of comparative and ablation experiments are conducted across typical product categories, including conceptual robots, vacuum cleaners, and cars. Results from standard image quality metrics indicate that DM-CAM achieves a prediction confidence of 87% during generation, outperforming LIME, Grad-CAM, and OS by 11%, 22%, and 26%, respectively. The proposed method demonstrates notable improvements in visual clarity, detail enhancement, and design naturalness, offering a promising solution for explainable, data-driven design workflows.

关键词： 天然气   管道工况识别   神经网络   算法   贝叶斯优化   Grad-CAM   可解释性分析  

摘要： 准确识别天然气管道调压、调流、堵塞、泄漏及阀门关断等多类工况,是管道故障诊断和在线仿真数字滤波的基础。本文提出一种融合贝叶斯优化与梯度加权类激活映射(Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping, Grad-CAM)可解释性分析的多工况智能识别框架。基于某输气管道的动态仿真数据,建立卷积神经网络模型(Convolutional Neural Network, CNN);采用Grad-CAM方法对CNN模型进行改进;利用贝叶斯优化算法(Bayesian Optimization, BO)对L2正则化系数、学习率以及丢弃率进行优化,形成了CNN-Grad-CAM模型;利用覆盖压力(7.5–9.5 MPa)、流量(1250×104–1550×104 Sm3·d-1)等多种运行条件的时序数据集,对模型进行检验。结果表明:分类识别率达到了98.75%;与其他模型相比CNN-Grad-CAM模型能够更好地提取到局部特征,面对易混淆的工况也能够准确识别。在数据缺失和噪声干扰等复杂场景下模型依旧能够保持稳定性能。对某输气管道的泄漏信号识别准确率为100%。

关键词： 楚墓纺织品   几何纹饰   设计形态学   战国  

摘要： 文章旨在揭示楚墓纺织品几何纹饰作为视觉设计系统的内在构成逻辑,来弥补既有研究偏重织造技术分析与图像溯源而忽视设计属性的不足。文章以设计形态学与视觉构成理论为方法论框架,对马山一号楚墓出土织物展开系统分析,确立了以“形—规则—效果”为核心的论证路径。文章提炼出三大核心发现:1)楚墓几何纹饰呈现了严密的“三层骨架逻辑”,即有限的基本形通过镜像、旋转、平移及正负形配置,生成了丰富的视觉变体;2)纹饰系统内存在精确的“整数比模数”系统,实现了对视觉比例与色域面积的理性数学控制;3)跨批次标本呈现出“规则固定、参数浮动”的分布格局,证实了其并非机械的工艺传承,而是具有前参数化特征的主动设计调控。研究结论表明,楚墓几何纹饰构成了一套高度自洽的视觉设计系统,该造物逻辑不仅可与现代参数化设计形成历史对话,更为重新认识中国古代纺织艺术的设计属性提供了关键的方法论参照。

关键词： Malaria vaccine   Vaccine hesitancy   Illness perception   Caregivers   Health communication   Ghana   aPR   adjusted Prevalence Ratio   ACTs   artemisinin-based combination therapies   BIC   Bayesian Information Criterion   B-IPQ   Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire   CAM   Complementary and Alternative Medicine   DHIMS2   District Health Information Management System 2   GHS   Ghana Health Service   IQR   Interquartile range   ITNs   Insecticide-Treated Nets   IRS   Indoor Residual Spraying   KMO   Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin   NHIS   National Health Insurance Scheme   SMC   Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention   VIF   Variance Inflation Factor   WHO   World Health Organization  

摘要： There is a prevalent perception of low personal risk of malaria in Ghana. This perception and other beliefs about the disease held by caregivers may influence hesitancy toward childhood malaria vaccination. Understanding these dynamics is crucial to the national scale-up of the malaria vaccines. This study investigates this relationship to inform strategies for enhancing vaccination coverage.

关键词： Experimentation   Numerical analysis   Piston engine   SRC (steam Rankine cycle)  

摘要： Piston engines can be potentially applied to distributed power generation systems due to simple structure, high power density, and compact size. This paper proposes and experimentally verifies a compact piston engine for steam Rankine cycle system. The mathematical model of the in-cylinder thermodynamic process and the valve timing model of the piston cam engine are established. In addition, the numerical model is then established to accurately predict the engine performance. Finally, a prototype of the cam engine was made and the experimental equipment and methods were introduced. In the experiment, a power output of 16.28 kW was achieved, with a three-dimensional computational result error of 8.04% and a mathematical result error of 4.91%. The comparison indicates that the theoretical and measured values show good consistency. This paper provides insight into a novel cam position engine for distributed energy systems and industrial waste heat recovery.

关键词： CAD/CAM   CBL教学法   口腔修复临床教学  

摘要： 目的:探讨计算机辅助设计/计算机辅助制作(computer aided design/computer aided manufacture,CAD/CAM)技术与案例式教学法(case-based learning,CBL)结合在口腔修复学本科实习中的应用效果。方法:以中山大学光华口腔医学院121名本科生为研究对象,采用CBL模式结合CAD/CAM技术进行教学。通过临床病例引导学生进行数字化设计分析,反思诊断与修复设计中的要点。实习结束后,通过问卷调查和实践考核综合评估学生的学习成果。结果:90%以上的学生认为该教学模式有助于理解口腔修复基础理论和临床操作;学生在临床接诊信息的收集、病例分析要点的把握、美学修复设计的理解以及牙体预备操作的规范程度上均有显著进步。结论:CAD/CAM技术与CBL教学模式的融合,增强了口腔修复教学的直观性和互动性,显著提升了学生的临床操作技能和问题解决能力。

关键词： 可穿戴设备   医疗保健   健康监测   疾病诊断   康复治疗  

摘要： 可穿戴纺织品作为智能医疗领域的重要载体,通过集成柔性传感和响应性材料,构建健康监测、疾病管理及康复治疗的新模式。文章旨在系统综述可穿戴纺织品在慢性疾病管理方向的应用情况。首先详细探讨智能纺织品在应用过程中所涉及的主要监测指标,深入分析其在慢性病早期监测和疾病诊断过程中的适用性和有效性。其次,还全面阐述了可穿戴纺织品作为干预手段参与慢性疾病管理和治疗方面的优势和应用情况。最后深入探讨了可穿戴纺织品在实际应用中所面临的材料兼容性、信号稳定性与临床转化等关键挑战,并对其多模态融合的发展潜力进行了详细分析和展望,期望能够为下一代智能医疗纺织品的研发与临床应用提供坚实的理论依据和有益的参考方向。