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关键词： bootcamp course   dental education   dental students   educational models   teaching  

摘要： Introduction This study compared the effectiveness of traditional and bootcamp course models for a preclinical CAD/CAM dental school course in 2022 by assessing students' own perceptions of preparedness and course faculty and student teaching assistant (TA) perceptions of engagement, preparedness and material *** and Methods The traditional course model was taught weekly for 10 weeks, while the bootcamp course included 10 sessions over 1 week shortly before the students' transition to clinic. Students completed course evaluation surveys, and the faculty and TAs completed an online *** Students (n = 107 traditional and n = 96 bootcamp, 96.2% responded) from both course models strongly agreed/agreed that the course prepared them to deliver CAD/CAM restorations in clinic (91.1% traditional vs. 91.7% bootcamp). Similarly, most students strongly agreed/agreed that the course gave them the confidence for clinic (93.9% traditional vs. 97.9% bootcamp). For faculty and TAs (n = 7 faculty and 16 TAs, 85.2% responded), most faculty reported the bootcamp model to be more effective for student engagement (57.1%), preparedness (71.4%) and material retention (100%). The TAs also thought the bootcamp model was better for student engagement (50.0%) and material retention (50.0%), but more TAs thought the traditional format was better for preparedness (43.8% vs. 31.3% bootcamp). Overall, 100.0% of the course faculty recommended implementing a bootcamp format for all students, compared to 43.8% of *** Bootcamp models could be equally effective teaching methods in preclinical dental education and may provide benefits such as greater material retention and more confidence for students entering the clinic.

关键词： Circuits   Very large scale integration   Circuits and systems   Filtering   Filters   Integrated circuits   CMOS technology   Large scale integration   Power dissipation   AI accelerators   Content addressable memory   high-speed search   hybrid match lines   pre-computing   pre-charge free CAM  

摘要： This high-speed and power-efficient content addressable memory employs parallel lookups to expedite matching without compromising power consumption. It introduces three significant innovations: i. pre-computation based operation, which enhances search speed by eliminating mismatch conditions only in 4-bit comparisons;ii. a hybrid match line structure that strategically balances power and delay, amalgamating the highspeed attributes of NOR with the low-power characteristics of NAND;and iii. a control technique that processes segments to the final match line. Performance metrics exhibit significant enhancements when these methodologies are seamlessly integrated. Employing 45 nm CMOS technology, the design accommodates diverse process voltages, temperatures, and frequencies for a 64 & times;32 memory array. Monte Carlo simulations validate design stability. The proposed architecture surpasses the leading benchmark in speed and power-delay-product by 62.85% and 99.78%, respectively. The proposed architecture supports repeated data searches at frequencies up to 2 GHz, which has the potential to revolutionize search in high-performance computing, mobile devices, and IoT applications.

关键词： 功能整理   透明质酸钠   微胶囊   保湿性能   耐洗性   针织物   棉   莫代尔/涤纶  

摘要： 透明质酸钠(HA)因其强亲水性导致洗涤耐久性不足,从而限制了其在功能纺织品中的应用。本研究采用乳化交联法制备了以透明质酸钠(HA)为芯材,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)/海藻酸钠(SA)为复合壁材的HA-CMC-Na/SA微胶囊。将其复配为整理剂,分别对纯棉与莫代尔/涤纶(70/30)针织物进行处理。通过对微胶囊的形貌、粒度分布及缓释性能进行表征,并对整理后织物中HA含量、皮肤保湿性能及耐洗性进行测试,发现微胶囊形态规整、粒径分布均匀,并具有良好的持续缓释性能。整理后的两种织物均表现出良好的保湿效果,保湿性能与织物中的HA含量呈正相关,且莫代尔/涤纶织物保湿效果更佳。经10次标准洗涤后,两种织物中HA含量仍高于100 mg/kg,保湿性能保持稳定,表明该整理体系具有良好的耐洗性与护肤功效持久性。

关键词： Cancer metabolism   deamidation   pyrimidine synthesis   CAD   the pentose phosphate pathway   the serine synthesis pathway   G6PD   PHGDH   central carbon metabolism  

摘要： Rapid cancer cell proliferation requires extensive macromolecular biosynthesis, yet how distinct anabolic pathways are coordinated remains incompletely understood. Here, we report that the trifunctional carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, aspartate transcarbamoylase, and dihydroorotase (CAD) activates key glycolytic enzymes to support biosynthesis and cancer cell proliferation. When cancer proteomics datasets were queried, a CAD activation signature was identified in diverse tumors. Metabolomics analysis revealed that CAD fuels central carbon metabolism, specifically the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and serine synthesis pathway (SSP). Mechanistically, CAD deamidates and activates glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), rate-limiting enzymes of the PPP and SSP, respectively, which are fully recapitulated by the glutaminase domain of CAD. Functional interrogation of cancer-associated CAD mutations and human hepatocellular carcinoma tumors predicts the metabolic signature endowed by G6PD and PHGDH deamidation. Simultaneous inhibition of G6PD and PHGDH effectively impeded tumor formation. This work identifies CAD as a central carbon metabolism signaling node and a potential therapeutic target.

关键词： 多尺度特征融合   可变形注意力机制   纺织品疵点检测   门控线性单元  

摘要： 针对纺织品疵点检测中背景干扰、缺陷形态多样造成的检测精度不足问题,提出了一种基于多尺度特征和可变形注意力的门控可变形注意力跨尺度检测模型(GDC-DETR)。设计卷积门控特征提取模块(CGFB)作为主干网络,通过卷积门控线性单元提取各尺度的特征层,捕捉不同层次的空间与语义信息并计算特征图中各通道疵点像素位置与其邻域内像素位置在纹理、边缘或强度分布上的匹配程度,用以调节特征通道的权重,提高模型在背景干扰下的特征提取能力。引入基于可变形注意力的尺度内特征交互(DAFI)用于尺度内的深层特征提取,通过生成动态偏移来调整采样位置,使感受野聚焦于缺陷区域,增强模型对织物的不规则缺陷的定位精度。最后,提出了跨尺度双向加权特征融合(CBWF)网络,通过加权融合和跨尺度连接,在保留轮廓、颜色、纹理等浅层关键信息的同时,自适应地学习融合全局和局部特征,增强对疵点图像特征的多尺度融合能力,提高模型的检测精度。试验结果表明:该改进模型在demofabricdefect Computer Vision Project公共数据集上准确率较原RT-DETR模型提高了5.1%,检测速度达到159.62帧/s,在天池纺织品疵点数据集上准确率提高了13.3%,速度达到了121.71帧/s,证明其有效提升了对织物缺陷检测的检测效率。

关键词： 废旧纺织品   循环经济   机械回收   化学回收   生物法回收   纤维分拣   再生纤维  

摘要： 系统梳理国际及国内废旧纺织品回收体系与技术进展,针对我国年产生量超2 900万t带来的环境压力,分析“政府—企业”协同回收模式的现状及非正规渠道依赖的体系性挑战。聚焦回收技术“前端智能、中端断层、后端瓶颈”的阶梯式格局,阐述了近红外光谱与深度学习融合的智能分拣技术(精度达98%)、传统物理开松与先进溶剂分离的技术差异,以及超临界CO2、臭氧等绿色消毒灭菌与脱色技术的产业化瓶颈;解析了物理法、化学解聚及生物酶法三类回收路径的原理与应用现状;通过案例总结物理回收品牌化、化学闭环循环与材料跨界应用三类高值化模式。研究表明:突破混纺材料分离与绿色处理成本限制、推动智能与绿色工艺融合、完善政策标准体系,是实现废旧纺织品资源化与高值化的关键。

关键词： 3D Printed   Anatomic Preparation Design   Butt Joint Preparation Design   CAD/CAM   Endocrown   Fracture Resistance   Hybrid Ceramic   Marginal Adaptation   Marginal gap distance   Nano-carbon   Nano-zircon   Nanoksa G-PLUS   VITA ENAMIC  

摘要： The purpose of the current in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the marginal adaptation and fracture resistance of CAD/CAM VITA ENAMIC hybrid ceramic and, 3D printed Nanoksa G-PLUS high-performance polymer endocrown composite restorations constructed for endodontically treated teeth “EET”; considering two distinct coronal preparation designs: standardized anatomic and butt joint. A total of 40 freshly extracted intact human permanent mandibular molars were endodontically treated to receive endocrowns. Specimens were randomly divided into two equal groups “n = 20 each”: Group1 “G1” received 3D printed Nanoksa G-PLUS high-performance polymer, and Group2 “G2” received CAD/CAM VITA ENAMIC hybrid ceramic endocrown restorations. Each main group was further subdivided into two equal subgroups “n = 10 each” based on the coronal preparation design: standardized anatomic “G1A, G2A” and butt joint “G1B, G2B”. All endocrowns were adhesively luted with their respective manufacturer-recommended resin cements. Subsequently, all specimens underwent simulated aging through a chewing simulator and thermo-cycling (CSTC device, CS-4, SD Mechatronik, Germany). Marginal adaptation was quantitatively assessed by measuring the marginal gap distance using a USB Digital stereomicroscope (U500x Digital Microscope, Guangdong, China). Fracture resistance was determined using a universal testing machine (Model 3345; Instron Industrial Products, Norwood, MA, USA). Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 26), employing a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc tests, with significance set at P < 0.05. VITA ENAMIC specimens exhibited significant higher fracture resistance values; (p < 0.0001) and significant lower marginal adaptation (higher marginal gap values) than those of Nanoksa G-PLUS. Successful serviceability of recent endocrown restorations “Nanoksa G-PLUS and VITA ENAMIC” seems critically influenced by the material of construction and the techn

关键词： Acid   Alkaline   Colour   Colour change   Feldspathic ceramic   Smokeless tobacco   Surface roughness   Translucency  

摘要： This study aimed to evaluate the effects of acidic and alkaline staining solutions on the optical-mechanical properties of feldspathic (Vitablocs Mark II) Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic materials after 4 weeks of immersion in media. Specifically, this investigation focused on assessing mean colour change (ΔE*), the translucency parameter (TP), the opalescence parameter (OP), surface roughness, and bacterial adhesion by colony-forming unit (CFU) count. A total of 96 Vitablocs Mark II CAD/CAM ceramic specimens were prepared and assigned to eight groups (A-H) according to the type of immersion solution: smokeless snuff, Black Shammah, Yerba mate, Saudi Coffee, MIRINDA Citrus, CodeRed, Nescafe, and normal saline (control group). The specimens were immersed for 4 weeks at 37 °C, with solutions replaced according to manufacturer instructions. Optical parameters, including ΔE*, TP, and OP, were measured using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V). Surface roughness was analysed through white light interferometric microscopy, and the bacterial adhesion of Streptococcus mutans was quantified by calculating colony-forming units (CFUs) per square millimetre. Statistical analysis included Shapiro-Wilk tests for normality, one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD post-hoc comparisons, and paired t-tests, with significance set at p < 0.05. The recorded pH values of the staining solutions ranged from acidic (MIRINDA Citrus: 3.25) to alkaline (Black Shammah: 9.45). Black Shammah exhibited the highest ΔE* value (6.75 ± 5.21), followed by smokeless snuff (6.53 ± 3.59). The lowest value (2.41 ± 1.04) was observed for Yerba mate, and significant differences were observed across staining solutions (p < 0.001). TP significantly decreased post-immersion, and the highest mean reduction was observed in CodeRed (5.87 ± 0.92; p < 0.001). By contrast, OP increased significantly, with the most significant mean increase observed in Black Shammah (6.93 ± 5.38; p = 0.001) an

关键词： Boundary enhancement   CAM   Domain knowledge   Weakly-supervised segmentation  

摘要： For the precise segmentation of surface defects on hot-rolled strip steel, the prevalent issue of weak supervision constitutes a significant bottleneck that limits the advancement of intelligent industrial defect detection *** paper proposes a weakly-supervised segmentation method for surface defects of hot-rolled steel strips (BEDUNet), designed to address the challenges of limited labeled data and ambiguous defect boundaries in industrial defect detection. Due to the difficulties in acquiring high-quality defect data for hot-rolled steel strips and the low contrast between defects and the background, this paper introduces a Boundary Enhancement Module based on domain knowledge (BEDK) and a Dynamic Update Module (DUM) to improve segmentation accuracy. The BEDK module leverages domain knowledge regarding the taxonomic features of hot-rolled steel strip defects (e.g., linearity, blockiness, and boundary vagueness). It employs customized multi-branch convolutional kernels and boundary contrastive learning to enhance the distinction between the defect and background boundaries, thereby generating higher-quality Class Activation Maps (CAMs).The DUM module dynamically adjusts the pseudo-label update cycle and threshold based on model convergence, further elevating the quality of pseudo-labels and overall network *** conducting simulation experiments using a real-world dataset of steel strip defects, the proposed method demonstrated high segmentation accuracy, confirming its effectiveness in simulating industrial production *** reported mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) metrics were 82.7% and 85.1% for the two distinct datasets, as indicated by the experimental evaluation. Furthermore, in practical industrial validation, the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method were further demonstrated, confirming its value in industrial defect segmentation.

关键词： solid state batteries   benchmarking   interfacial degradation   cathode active material coatings   composite cathodes   impedance  

摘要： Electro-chemo-mechanical degradation phenomena at the CAM|solid electrolyte interface lead to both impedance growth and capacity fading in solid state batteries (SSBs). Driven by this, protective coatings on cathode active materials (CAMs) have emerged as a key strategy to mitigate interfacial degradation in SSB composite cathodes. Currently, the development of novel protective CAM coatings is hindered by poor comparability and benchmarking issues, due to non-standardized testing protocols. Moreover, even within a single laboratory, coating optimization remains challenging, as performance strongly depends on processing parameters that cannot be efficiently explored through long-term cycling alone. Here, we present a systematic benchmarking approach to isolate and quantify the coating effect on interfacial stability. Our two-step workflow combines X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) for pre-characterization of coating coverage and thickness with a standardized, time-efficient electrochemical testing protocol that delivers quantitative results within one week. We demonstrate that even short-term benchmarking can reveal significant performance differences across coatings and process routes. In addition, we critically discuss challenges associated with long-term testing and impedance analysis, as well as general considerations regarding interlaboratory benchmarking and the comparability of CAM coatings. Overall, the proposed approach provides a framework to guide coating optimization and accelerate the development of stable, high-performance SSBs.