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关键词： Additive manufacturing   Digital workflow   Endocrown   Marginal and internal fit  

摘要： This study aimed to compare the marginal and internal fit of endocrowns with cavity depths of 3 mm and 5 mm, using two printable resins fabricated by additive manufacturing within a digital workflow. Thirty-two human mandibular molars were prepared for endocrowns with cavity depths of 3–5 mm and allocated into four groups (n = 8). Two printable resins (Biocrown Diamond and Voxel Print) were evaluated at both preparation depths. The restorations were designed using CAD software and manufactured by DLP-based additive manufacturing. Marginal and internal fit were assessed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) from standardized sagittal and coronal sections at predefined anatomical regions. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated-measures ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Material and preparation depth influenced the marginal and internal fit of endocrown restorations, with a significant interaction with the anatomical region. The highest discrepancies were observed in the axio-occlusal angle, particularly for the 5-mm preparation groups. Significant differences between materials occurred at the axio-occlusal angle for 3-mm preparations and in the marginal gap for 5-mm preparations. No significant differences were detected in the pulpal regions. Endocrowns showed clinically acceptable marginal adaptation at both preparation depths. However, internal adaptation was region-dependent, with greater discrepancies in the axio-occlusal region. Both resins demonstrated acceptable behavior, although localized differences were observed according to preparation depth and anatomical region. Preparation depth and printable resin type may influence the internal adaptation of additively manufactured endocrowns and should be considered during treatment planning.

关键词： 晕裥效果   多臂织机   仿大提花织物   纹样设计   织物组织   上机图  

摘要： 探讨在多臂织机上开发晕裥效果仿大提花织物的效果。系统解析了晕裥效果织物的形成机制,依托多臂织机,采用“平行线穿综法”,成功开发出“菱形晕裥”和“波纹”两种不同风格的仿大提花晕裥效果织物。重点介绍了纹样设计思路、组织结构配置及配色方案,并完成了小样试织。实践表明:通过构建不同色纱“部分重叠-完全错开-再次重叠”的循环错位结构组织,可在多臂织机上实现仿大提花面料的顺利织造。认为:充分挖掘多臂织机的技术潜力,开发晕裥效果仿大提花织物,不仅有助于企业显著降低生产成本、提高生产效率,也能更好地适应高端面料市场对差异化产品的需求。

关键词： Fracture toughness   Hardness   IPS e.max CAD   MAZIC Duro   Material thicknesses  

摘要： PURPOSE:To characterize hardness and fracture toughness of ceramic CAD/CAM materials with different composition (IPS *** CAD and MAZIC Duro) and thicknesses (1mm and 1.5mm). MATERIALS AND METHODS:Blocks of CAD/CAM esthetic restorative materials (IPS e. max CAD "EC" and MAZIC Duro "MD"), forty discs were fabricated with dimensions of 10 mm × 1 mm and 10 mm × 1.5 mm. All discs were prepared using a precision cutting machine. Discs were then subjected to hardness, fracture toughness tests. RESULTS:Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and Two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05). For hardness test, at 1 mm and 1.5mm thicknesses, MAZIC Duro (MD) recorded a not statistically significant higher mean value of hardness (459.836 ± 20.549 HV) (468.818 ± 17.574 HV) compared to IPS *** CAD (EC) (456.596 ± 38.102 HV) (463.346 ± 11.399 HV) (p = 0.816 and p = 0.420, respectively). For fracture toughness test, at 1 mm thickness, MAZIC Duro (MD) recorded a highly statistically significant higher mean value of fracture toughness (5.360 ± 0.133 MPa) compared to IPS *** CAD (EC) (4.744 ± 0.151 MPa) (p < 0.001). While at 1.5 mm thickness, MAZIC Duro (MD) recorded a not statistically significant higher mean value of fracture toughness (5.291 ± .089 MPa) compared to IPS *** CAD (EC) (5.285 ± 0.330 MPa) (p = 0.956). CONCLUSION:MAZIC Duro (MD) showed slightly higher hardness than IPS *** CAD (EC) at both 1 mm and 1.5 mm thicknesses, but the difference was not statistically significant. For fracture toughness, MD was highly significant at 1 mm thickness, while at 1.5 mm, both materials performed similarly with no significant difference.

关键词： Artificial intelligence (AI) in medical reporting   CAD-RADS 2.0   Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA)   Large language models (LLMs)   Structured reporting  

摘要： OBJECTIVES:Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has become a cornerstone in non-invasive CAD diagnosis and risk stratification. To standardize reporting and improve clinical decision-making, the CAD-RADS 2.0 system was introduced. This study evaluates the performance of four LLMs, GPT-4o, Gemini 2.0 Flash, DeepSeek V, and Copilot in generating CAD-RADS 2.0-compliant conclusions from standardized CCTA reports. MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 196 anonymized CCTA reports were retrospectively analyzed. Each LLM was prompted to provide CAD-RADS 2.0 classifications and follow-up recommendations. Ground truth labels were assigned by a senior radiologist. Performance metrics (accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score), execution times, and agreement (Cohen's kappa) with expert interpretation were computed. Interobserver agreement between junior and senior radiologists was also assessed. RESULTS:LLMs demonstrated good-to-excellent agreement with expert classifications: DeepSeek V (κ = 0.771), Copilot (κ = 0.761), GPT-4o (κ = 0.759), and Gemini 2.0 Flash (κ = 0.634). DeepSeek V achieved the highest accuracy (91.83%). Intra-model consistency was perfect (κ = 1). However, LLMs failed to assign CAD-RADS modifiers. ChatGPT-4o provided the most accurate follow-up recommendations (71.94%). All LLMs outperformed radiologists in execution time (3-9 s vs. 15-20 s; p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Generic LLMs demonstrate promising performance in automating CAD-RADS 2.0 classification from CCTA reports. However, limitations in modifier assignment and recommendation accuracy highlight areas for refinement before clinical integration. CRITICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT:This study explores the potential of large language models to facilitate standardized CAD-RADS 2.0 reporting from coronary CT angiography, highlighting a possible avenue to support workflow efficiency and clinical decision-making in non-invasive coronary artery disease evaluation. KEY POINTS:LLMs demonstrated strong potential in a

关键词： 吸湿凉爽纺织品   热湿调控   蒸发散热   导热散热   辐射冷却   多机制协同  

摘要： 全球变暖导致热应激成为威胁人类健康与生产力的重大挑战,发展兼具高效散热与湿气管理能力的吸湿凉爽纺织品至关重要。系统综述吸湿凉爽纺织品的热湿调控机制,涵盖蒸发散热、热传导、对流及辐射四大热传递机制与气液汗多尺度湿传递行为。重点归纳4类技术路径,蒸发散热型通过单向导湿梯度、温湿度响应孔隙及仿生微纳结构强化汗液扩散;导热散热型利用高取向纤维或高导热介质构筑快速热通量;辐射冷却型借助光谱选择性设计实现中红外高透过或高发射的被动降温;多机制协同型整合蒸发散热、导热散热和辐射冷却机制中的两种或两种以上机制优势,展现出全场景适配的卓越性能。尽管各类技术取得显著进展,但仍面临多机制协同物理机制尚不清晰、跨尺度结构优化策略有待深化、综合性能评价体系尚未完善等核心挑战。未来发展方向应聚焦于智能自适应调控的深度集成、绿色可持续材料的创新开发、多物理场耦合机制的量化解析及面向运动/医疗等多元应用场景的适配性研究,推动吸湿凉爽纺织品向高效化、智能化与可持续化演进,为应对全球热挑战提供关键技术支撑。

关键词： biofilm   CAD-CAM   denture base   nanographene   PMMA  

摘要： Purpose To evaluate the surface roughness, hydrophobicity, and Candida albicans biofilm formation of three denture base materials, including two computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) resins and one conventional heat-polymerized PMMA, before and after thermocycling (TC). Materials and Methods Thirty disk-shaped specimens (& Oslash;10 & times;1.5 mm) were fabricated and assigned to three groups (n = 10 each): (1) nanographene-reinforced CAD-CAM PMMA (GDM, trace graphene content <0.05 wt%), (2) pre-polymerized CAD-CAM PMMA (MDM;nanoparticle-free control), and (3) conventional heat-polymerized PMMA (CDM;nanoparticle-free control). Specimens underwent 10,000 thermal cycles in artificial saliva, followed by repeated measurements. Surface roughness was measured before polishing, before TC (after polishing), and after TC using a noncontact optical profilometer to establish baseline surface conditions and quantify finishing- and aging-related changes. Hydrophobicity was assessed before TC (after polishing) and after TC via water contact angle analysis. C. albicans biofilm formation was evaluated before TC (after polishing) and after TC using a 48-h incubation model followed by colony-forming unit quantification. The data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test for multiple comparisons. Additionally, paired t-tests were conducted to evaluate changes before and after TC (alpha = 0.05). Results Surface roughness differed significantly before polishing and after TC (p < 0.001), but not before TC (after polishing) (p = 0.129). CDM had the highest roughness;GDM showed the lowest after TC (p < 0.001). Water contact angle did not differ significantly among materials (p >= 0.136). GDM initially showed higher C. albicans biofilm than CDM (p = 0.009), but levels decreased after TC (p < 0.001), with no differences thereafter. Biofilm formation after TC correlated positively with contact angle (r = 0.4

摘要： The Permian-Triassic mass extinction represents the most severe loss of biodiversity in Earth history and profoundly reorganized terrestrial ecosystems. On land, this crisis was followed by a marked floral turnover, with herbaceous lycophytes dominating Early Triassic vegetation. Here we show that these pioneer (so-called disaster) taxa that rapidly colonized stressed post-extinction environments, possessed specialized physiological traits that promoted survival under extreme conditions. Independent phylogenetic analyses show that Early Triassic lycophytes are closely related to modern Isoetales, a group characterized by exceptional ecophysiological flexibility. Their carbon isotope signatures resemble those of extant Isoetes that use crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis, indicating a similar physiological strategy in deep time. Coupling these results with climate simulations suggests that CAM photosynthesis could have conferred a substantial advantage under Early Triassic super greenhouse conditions. Together, our findings identify CAM physiology as a potential mechanism enabling plant survival and ecosystem recovery following Earth's largest mass extinction.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana   Calmodulin 3   heat shock   Patellin 1   vesicle trafficking  

摘要： Although vesicle trafficking is highly responsive to various environmental triggers, its role in thermotolerance remains unclear. Arabidopsis thaliana Patellin 1 (PATL1) plays a crucial role in vesicle trafficking. To elucidate the role of PATL1-mediated vesicle trafficking in thermotolerance, we investigated PATL1 function under heat shock (HS) conditions and found PATL1 inhibited vesicle trafficking, leading to a decreased accumulation of HS proteins (HSPs), indicating a negative correlation with thermotolerance. Previously, we reported that the calmodulin (CaM) isoform, CaM3, is involved in heat tolerance. In the present study, we found that CaM3 binds to and inhibits PATL1, thereby promoting HSP accumulation. This interaction reduces the binding of PATL1 to phosphatidylinositol diphosphate, thereby facilitating vesicle transport. In summary, our study elucidates a non-canonical CaM3 signaling pathway in which PATL1 acts as a downstream factor to enhance HSP accumulation through vesicle trafficking.