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关键词： Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol   Lipid management   Health checkup   Cardiovascular risk   Lifestyle factors  

摘要： Aims: Despite strong recommendations for medical consultation, the treatment status and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels at 1-year follow-up of individuals with referral-level LDL-C identified in health checkups remain unclear. We evaluated the treatment status and 1-year LDL-C control among individuals identified in health checkups as requiring early medical consultation due to LDL-C levels of >_ 180 mg/dL. Methods: We conducted a nationwide cohort study including health checkup data for individuals aged 20-74 years. We identified 102,049 individuals (median age: 48 years;male: 66.8%) with uncontrolled LDL-C (>_ 180 mg/dL) at baseline, who had no prior lipid-lowering therapy. Poisson regression with robust error variance was used to assess factors associated with uncontrolled LDL-C at 1 year. Results: Among individuals with LDL-C >_ 180 mg/dL at baseline, 56,147 (55.0%) visited a medical institution within 3 months of the checkup, and 13,124 (12.9%) were prescribed lipid-lowering medications at 1 year. At 1 year follow-up, 49,260 (48.3%) still had LDL-C >_ 180 mg/dL. Factors associated with persistent LDL-C >_ 180 mg/dL at 1 year included obesity (RR: 1.07 95% CI: 1.06-1.09 10 mg/dL increase in LDL-C at baseline (1.11 [1.10-1.11 smoking (1.05 [1.04-1.07 alcohol consumption (0.95 [0.94-0.97 poor sleep quality (1.02 [1.01-1.03 and skipping breakfast >_ 3 times per week (1.07 [1.05-1.08]). Conclusions: Despite being classified as requiring early medical intervention, only half of individuals with LDL-C >_ 180 mg/dL visited a physician within 3 months, and nearly half continued to have uncontrolled LDL-C at 1 year. Strategies to facilitate timely medical visits and appropriate lipid management in health checkupidentified cases are warranted.

关键词： large for gestational age   pregestational type1 diabetes mellitus   glycaemic control  

摘要： Objectives: Large for gestational age (LGA) is defined as a birth weight equal to or higher than the 90th centile for a certain gestational age. Despite the efforts to optimize therapeutic goals to stabilize diabetes, there is still a high rate of LGA in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mothers. The aim of this paper is a literature review of the data on predictors of LGA incidence in pregnancies complicated by type 1 diabetes mellitus. Results: Potential LGA predictors in pregestational diabetes include glucose concentration during pregnancy, maternal age, diabetes duration, increased body weight both at the beginning of gestation and at the time of delivery, as well as the weight gain in pregnancy. LGA risk is also associated with the use of an insulin pump (CSII especially without the support of a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS). Significant glycaemic control parameters among others include average fasting glycaemia in the 3rd trimester, HbA1c in the 1st and 3rd trimesters, and among CGMS parameters - shorter TIR (time in range shorterTBR (time below range) in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters, longerTAR (time above range) > 140 and average glycaemia in each trimester of gestation. Conclusions: There is still a need for identification of new predictors and theraputic goals in pregnancy inT1DM women to reduce the prevalence of LGA newborns.

关键词： Noise   SQUIDs   Time division multiplexing   1/f noise   Frequency modulation   Multiplexing   Noise reduction   NASA   Low frequency noise   Frequency division multiplexing   Imaging array   multiplexed readout   superconducting device   transition-edge sensor   X-ray spectroscopy  

摘要： We present a novel noise modulation technique using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) gain switching for time division multiplexing (TDM) readout systems that reduces 1/f noise by a factor of 3.5 while preserving the architectural simplicity that makes TDM a widely used technique for transition edge sensor (TES) arrays. In contrast to frequency division multiplexing or microwave multiplexing, where signal modulation inherently provides immunity to low-frequency noise, conventional TDM systems can be susceptible to 1/f noise from downstream electronics as the TES signals remain in the low-frequency band. In our approach, the operating point of the SQUID amplifier alternates between positive and negative gain slopes at the frame frequency, combined with synchronized digital inversion of the error signals prior to flux-locked loop integration. This modulation scheme shifts the readout noise, including the 1/f components of low noise amplifiers, analog-to-digital converters and room temperature electronics, into the frame frequency range where it can be separated from the DC-TES signal by decimation filtering. Laboratory validation using an 8 column x32 row TDM platform designed for Athena X-IFU applications shows a reduction in 1/f noise from 73 pA/root Hz@1 Hz (9.3 mu Phi(0)/root Hz) to 21 pA/root Hz@1 Hz (2.7 mu Phi(0)/root Hz) in channels with no TES connected, with the additional benefits of a 14-fold reduction in SQUID bias sensitivity through dynamic resistance matching and a 6.5-fold reduction in temperature-induced baseline drift. The technique avoids the disadvantage of doubling white noise, which occurs with conventional noise subtraction methods, and at the same time achieves a comparable suppression of 1/f noise. Implementation requires only minor firmware modifications to existing TDM systems, making it easily implementable for far-infrared bolometric and X-ray spectroscopy applications.

关键词： NMOS low-dropout regulator   High-power-supply-rejection (PSR) ratio   Feedforward ripple cancellation technique   Transient response   Capacitor-less low-dropout regulator  

摘要： This paper presents a capacitor-less NMOS LDO achieving excellent power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) and fast transient response over a wide load range. The key innovation is an adaptive feed-forward ripple cancellation (FFRC) technique that actively suppresses supply ripples through load-dependent compensation at the power transistor gate. Furthermore, the proposed architecture integrates adaptive dynamic current biasing with local feedback to significantly enhance transient response characteristics. This circuit has been implemented in a 180 nm standard CMOS process and occupies an active chip area of 0.687 mm2. Experimental results demonstrate a low-frequency PSRR of-80 dB and a PSRR of-36 dB at 1 MHz under 100 mA load current. For load steps between 1 mA and 100 mA, the LDO exhibits a 58 mV undershoot and a 3.2 mu s settling time, while consuming a quiescent current of 10.3 mu A. The proposed LDO achieves the best FoM of 5.22 ps among all capacitor-less LDOs.

关键词： Drinfeld realization   Gauss decomposition   R-matrix   Drinfeld realization   RLL-formulation   quantum affine algebra   Gauss decomposition  

摘要： In this paper, we establish an explicit correspondence between the Drinfeld current algebra presentation for the two-parameter quantum affine algebra U-r,U-s(C-n((1 and the R-matrix realization a la Faddeev, Reshetikhin and Takhtajan.

关键词： GI-Ge-PCF   high Raman gain coefficient   Low attenuation   L-band   DRA  

摘要： Optical transmission systems are increasingly confronted with the challenge of escalating data rates approaching the Shannon limit, underscoring the need for L-band. The integration of high-gain, low-noise figure (NF) discrete Raman amplifiers (DRAs) is crucial for ensuring transmission stability in long-distance systems. Nevertheless, the performance of DRAs has long been constrained by limitations in the gain fiber characteristics. This work focuses on the synergistic optimization of material properties and waveguide geometry to design a germanium-doped photonic crystal fiber featuring a graded-index profile (GI-Ge-PCF) based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). Utilizing Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (PCVD) combined with the stack-and-draw technique, we fabricated a high Raman gain photonic crystal fiber at 1550 nm featuring a high nonlinear coefficient (gamma) of 26.7 W-1 & sdot;km-1, a high Raman gain coefficient of 15.5 W-1 & sdot;km-1, and a low attenuation of 1.21 dB/km, representing the best-reported for germanium-core PCF to date. A backward-pumped DRA was implemented, utilizing only 800 m fibers. It was pumped at wavelengths of 1469 nm, 1493 nm, and 1510 nm with a total power of 1.6 W. Across the 1575-1627 nm band, the experimental setup exhibited a gain exceeding 23.91 dB (average of 25.679 dB) and a gain flatness of 2.416 dB, along with a noise figure (NF) of 4.824 dB. Compared to conventional germanium-doped fibers, the proposed GI-Ge-PCF exhibits superior Raman gain coefficient and reduced attenuation, which collectively contribute to significantly enhanced DRA performance in terms of both gain and NF, paving the way for the development of high-efficiency amplifiers tailored for L-band applications.

关键词： Energy storage   Microspheres   Molybdenum doping   Supercapacitor   Tin oxide  

摘要： Tin oxide (SnO₂) is a promising electrode material for energy storage due to its high theoretical capacitance (~780 mAh/g), low cost, and favorable rutile structure featuring (001) channels that support ion intercalation. However, its practical application is limited by poor electrical conductivity and volume changes during cycling. Herein, we report a morphology- and composition-engineered approach to address these limitations. SnO₂ with uniform spherical morphology and porous structure was synthesized using glucose as a soft template, enhancing surface area and structural stability. To further improve conductivity, a series of Mo-doped SnO₂ (Mox@Sn_1-XO₂; 2–8 wt%) materials were prepared. The synergistic effect of optimized Mo doping and controlled morphology significantly enhances electrochemical performance. Structural and chemical characterization was carried out using PXRD, SEM-EDX, BET and XPS analyses. Electrochemical evaluation via cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that 6% Mo@SnO₂ exhibits highest performance, delivering a high specific capacity of 1185C/g at 2 A/g. Furthermore, an asymmetric hybrid device (Mo@SnO₂//AC) demonstrated a specific capacity of 440C/g, with an energy density of 36.6 Wh/kg at a power density of 1200 W/kg and excellent cycling stability with 98% capacity retention after 6000 cycles. These results highlight the effectiveness of combined doping and morphology control strategies for high-performance supercapacitor applications.

关键词： NRF2/HO-1 axis   Organoid transplantation   Oxidative stress   Spinal cord injury   Spinal cord organoids   Trichostatin A  

摘要： Oxidative stress represents a fundamental pathological driver of the secondary injury cascade following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Although the pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) exhibits neuroprotective properties in various contexts, its capacity to modulate the endogenous NRF2/HO-1 antioxidant defense system within the human spinal cord microenvironment remains to be elucidated. In this study, we utilized human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived spinal cord organoids (hSCOs) as a sophisticated, human-relevant platform to investigate these mechanisms. In vitro analyses revealed that TSA preconditioning significantly bolsters the resilience of hSCOs against oxidative damage, manifesting as enhanced cellular viability, diminished accumulation of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and elevated superoxide dismutase activity. Mechanistic evaluations suggested that this protection is mediated by NRF2 nuclear translocation and subsequent HO-1 upregulation, an effect completely reversed following the pharmacological inhibition of NRF2. Furthermore, the transplantation of TSA-preconditioned hSCOs, encapsulated within a GelMA hydrogel, into a rat contusion model led to marked structural and functional restoration. Compared to untreated organoid grafts, the TSA-primed hSCOs significantly promoted motor function recovery, diminished lesion cavitation, and enhanced neuronal survival, while simultaneously attenuating glial scarring, neuroinflammation, and axonal degeneration. These findings indicate that pharmacological priming with TSA optimizes the therapeutic efficacy of organoid transplantation in a manner involving NRF2/HO-1 activation, establishing a highly promising combinatorial strategy for clinical neural regeneration.