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摘要： Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activates nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1), a key regulator of osteoclastogenesis. This study investigated the STAT3 inhibitor BP-1-102 in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs). BP-1-102 (2.5/5 μM) suppressed osteoclast formation and specific gene expression without cytotoxicity, while inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation and NFATc1. Gene ontology analysis revealed enrichment in osteoclast differentiation and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. BP-1-102 downregulated the c-Fos/NFATc1 axis by suppressing MAPK and NF-κB signaling. In ovariectomized mice, BP-1-102 attenuated bone loss, reduced osteoclast numbers (≥3 nuclei), and inhibited STAT3/p38 phosphorylation. In summary, BP-1-102 rescues bone loss by targeting p-STAT3/MAPK/NF-κB signaling, demonstrating therapeutic potential for osteoporosis.

关键词： Action mechanism   Bacteriocin   Pepper   Soft rot  

摘要： Soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc) leads to severe postharvest losses in chili pepper, highlighting an urgent need for novel preservation techniques. Due to the Gram-negative nature of Pcc, common bacteriocins like nisin are ineffective. Here, we engineered a novel bacteriocin, paracin wx7-1, which exhibited enhanced activity against the pathogen Pcc with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 16 μM, 8-fold lower than that of its template. Paracin wx7-1 exerted concentration-dependent bactericidal effects, achieving >99.9% lethality at ≥8MIC. In vivo, 8MIC paracin wx7-1 treatment reduced disease incidence from 65% to 15% on the first day and 100% to 68.33% on the fourth day, compared to the control. Additionally, a 24-hour pre-incubation of paracin wx7-1 elicited a better resistance response in pepper. SEM revealed reduced bacterial colonization on pepper surface and damage to the Pcc cell membrane. Physiological assays confirmed that paracin wx7-1 disrupted membrane integrity, depolarized membrane potential, increased inner/outer membrane permeability of Pcc. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analysis of Pcc revealed that paracin wx7-1 exerted its antibacterial effect by coordinately downregulating genes essential for core metabolic processes (carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism) and structural integrity (ribosome, cell wall/membrane), thereby compromising bacterial viability and pathogenicity. RNA-seq and RT-qPCR analysis of green pepper revealed that paracin wx7-1 induced systemic resistance by reprogramming defense-related metabolism, MAPK signaling, and plant-pathogen interaction components. This study presents a promising bacteriocin with dual action, direct pathogen inhibition and host resistance induction, for controlling pepper soft rot.

关键词： Catalysts   film capacitor   poly (4-methyl-1-pentene)   polypropylene  

摘要： Under the trend of high-temperature development in power electronic devices, polymer-based film materials for commercial capacitors face a core bottleneck: when the operating temperature exceeds 85 degrees C, their performance degrades significantly, limiting their application under working conditions. Poly(4-methyl-pentene PMP which has a dielectric constant similar to that of commercial capacitor base film materials, also boasts a high melting point (236 degrees C) and superior dielectric loss (less than 0.0001 at 1 MHz showing great potential to break through the technical barriers of high-temperature capacitors. Despite its significant advantages in basic performance, PMP is constrained by ultra-thin film formation technology <10 mu m high oxygen permeability, and complex synthesis processes, leading to delayed practical applications. This paper systematically reviews the synthesis techniques, crystal structure, dielectric properties, and application progress of PMP materials in capacitors. By integrating research on synthesis, structure, performance, and application, this study aims to provide theoretical support for material design, process optimization, and performance enhancement of PMP-based high-temperature capacitors, promoting their practical use in harsh environments.

关键词： Alpinia oxyphylla Miq   NF-κB/IκBα signaling pathway   TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway   Zingiberaceae   anti-renal fibrosis activity   sesquiterpenoids  

摘要： Thirteen previously undescribed and structurally diverse sesquiterpenoids—comprising seven cadinane-type (1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, and 4), two eremophilane-type (8a and 8b), two eudesmane-type (9 and 10), one tricyclic (12), one guaiane-type (13), along with eight known analogues (5–7, 11, and 14–17) were isolated from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla. The structures of the thirteen sesquiterpenoids, including their relative and absolute configurations, were determined through their NMR, HRESIMS, and ECD spectroscopic data. Eight compounds (1b, 2a, 3a, 3b, 5, 8a, 8b, and 11) were found to have significant anti-renal fibrosis activity by inhibiting the expression of extracellular matrix components (Fibronectin and Collagen I) and α-SMA in TGF-β1 induced NRK-52e cells. Compounds 1b and 8b displayed significant inhibitory activity towards three markers of renal fibrosis in a dose-dependent manner in three types of TGF-β1 induced kidney cells (NRK-52e, NRK 49f, and HCK-8). RNA-seq analysis and target protein validation displayed that the anti-renal fibrosis activity of 1b was related to modulation of the NF-κB P65/IκBα signaling pathway, and simultaneously showed relative correlation to the inhibition of Smad3 phosphorylation. These results suggested that NF-κB P65/IκBα and TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathways were collectively mediated for the biological activity of 1b, revealin

摘要： The etiology of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is not fully understood, but a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors is involved. Exposure to ambient air pollution during pregnancy has been suggested as a risk factor of T1DM. This study aimed to examine whether accumulated prenatal exposure to ambient air pollution is associated with increased risk of T1DM in offspring.

关键词： Cs2AgBiI6   CsGeI3   CsSnxGe1-xI3   Extended spectral coverage   Optoelectronic conversion efficiency (OPCE)   Quantum dot   SW-CNT tri absorber stack  

摘要：

• •
  The work proposes a hybrid Quantum dot -based perovskite photovoltaic cell (QD-PPVC) architecture using a graded tri-absorber stack made up of CsGeI₃ (Eg = 1.363 eV), CsSn_0.5Ge_0.5I₃ (Eg = 1.5 eV), and Cs₂AgBiI₆ (Eg = 1.6 eV).
• •
  The work also introduces a single-walled carbon nanotube (SW-CNT) interlayer between absorber and ETL to enhance charge extraction and suppress recombination losses.
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  The optimized device configuration: Cu₂O/CsGeI₃/CsSn_0.5Ge_0.5I₃/Cs₂AgBiI₆/SW-CNT/SnS₂/FTO achieved superior photovoltaic performance: OPCE of 31.01%, J_sc of 33.51 mA/cm², V_oc of 1.35 V and Fill Factor of 85.67%.
• •
  The proposed architecture outperforms comparison architectures: Dual-absorber QD-PPVC of 28.58%, Single CsGeI₃ absorber configuration of 25.15%, Single CsSn_0.5Ge_0.5I₃ absorber configuration of 23.28%, and Single Cs₂AgBiI₆ absorber configuration of 19.86%.
• •
  The proposed model demonstrates extended spectral responsivity up to 1100 nm with ∼90% quantum efficiency, exc

关键词： Antisite-disorder   Curie-Weiss paramagnetism   Double perovskites   Non-stoichiometry   Octahedral-distortion  

摘要： Tellurium (VI) substituted Mo/W-based Sr₂Co_1+δMo_0.5−δW_0.5O_6−δ double perovskites (DP) containing a significant scheelite SrMoO₄ intrinsic phase (SCMWO, SCM_TeWO and SCMW_TeO) was achieved via a triple-sintering solid-state reaction route. Rietveld refinement confirms a predominantly ordered tetragonal double-perovskite structure (space group I4/m) coexisting with ∼20–25 wt% SrMoO₄, establishing the composite nature of the materials. Te (VI) substitution at the B′ site preserves global symmetry while inducing lattice distortion, octahedral tilting, and redistribution of oxygen vacancies, thereby modulating antisite disorder. XPS analysis confirms mixed Co²⁺/Co³⁺ states along with reduced defect concentration upon Te substitution. Optical studies reveal narrow direct band gaps (1.43–1.69 eV), with systematic widening and reduced Urbach energy upon Te incorporation. It indicates suppression of defect-induced band-tail states due to the contribution of the SrMoO4 secondary phase. Magnetic measurements show Curie–Weiss-type paramagnetism with dominant antiferromagnetic interactions. However, the pristine sample exhibits enhanced effective moment due to disorder and spin–orbit coupling effects, while Te substitution reduces magnetic inhomogeneity. Dielectric and impedance analyses demonstrate Maxwell–Wagner-type interfacial polarization arising from grain, grain-boundary, and phase-interface contributions. Thermally activated hopping conduction and non-Debye relaxation behavior occurs with the temperature variation. The SrMoO₄ phase plays a crucial role in governing interfacial polarization and electrical heterogeneity. This study provides an effective route to tune structural disorder, magnetic interactions, optical absorption, and dielectric response in Mo/W-based double-perovskite systems upon B′-site Te substitution, in conjunction with com

摘要： The long-term interfacial evolution and deuterium permeation behavior of CLF-1 steel with γ-LiAlO₂ solid lithium breeders was systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the selective oxidation of Cr dominated the interfacial reactions, forming porous and discontinuous Cr-rich oxides at the initial corrosion stage. With prolonged exposure, the corrosion interface gradually evolved into a stable multiphase structure consisting of an outer LiCrO₂-containing zone, intermediate FeCr₂O₄ spinel zone, and a relatively dense Cr₂O₃-rich inner zone. Thermodynamic analysis demonstrated that the interfacial reaction mechanism was governed by the coupled effects of oxygen potential and Li₂O activity. The deuterium permeation results reveal a clear transition from permeation enhancement to permeation suppression with increasing corrosion duration. The corrosion mechanism can be described as an oxygen-potential-controlled selective oxidation process followed by lithium-activity-triggered localized lithiation, ultimately evolving into a diffusion-limited steady-state corrosion structure with enhanced hydrogen permeation resistance.

关键词： Critical doping threshold   Discontinuous   Gd2(Zr1−xCex)2O7 ceramics   Zirconate-cerate transformation  

摘要： Rare-earth zirconate-based thermal barrier ceramic materials, such as Gd₂Zr₂O₇, exhibit low thermal conductivity and excellent high-temperature stability, but both their coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and thermal conductivity can be further optimized. In this work, Gd₂(Zr_1−xCe_x)₂O₇ (x = 0–1.0) ceramics were synthesized via a solid-state reaction to simultaneously optimize both properties. However, a critical transition from zirconate to cerate dominance was identified at x = 0.5, leading to discontinuous changes in thermophysical properties. After x = 0.5, the CTE increases sharply, reaching a maximum of 12.85 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ at x = 1.0. Thermal conductivity decreases when x < 0.5 and increases when x > 0.5; the sample with x = 0.4 exhibits the minimum thermal conductivity of 1.45 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at 1100 °C, which is 22% lower than that of Gd₂Zr₂O₇. Ce⁴⁺ doping at the B-site enables synergistic optimization of low thermal conductivity and high CTE, providing a promising route for designing high-performance thermal barrier ceramic materials.

关键词： Anti-PD-1 therapy   Biomarker   Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma   Immune checkpoint blockade   PARD6G   Tumor microenvironment  

摘要： Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a challenging malignancy with limited response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies. Identifying reliable biomarkers to predict ICB response is critical for improving clinical outcomes. In this study, we identified PARD6G as a key gene associated with response to anti-PD-1 therapy in HNSCC through integrative analysis of single-cell and bulk transcriptomic data from pre- and post-treatment cohorts. Virtual PARD6G knockout modeling revealed that low PARD6G expression was associated with increased overall immune cell infiltration but significantly reduced infiltration of functional T cells. In vitro, PARD6G overexpression suppressed HNSCC cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression, while its knockdown promoted tumor growth. In vivo, PARD6G-deficient tumors exhibited accelerated growth and resistance to anti-PD-1 treatment, accompanied by a reshaped immune landscape favoring immunosuppression. In conclusion, this study establishes PARD6G as a novel predictive biomarker for anti-PD-1 efficacy and a functional tumor suppressor in HNSCC. Its loss mediates ICB resistance by reshaping the immune microenvironment, providing new insights into the mechanisms of ICB resistance in HNSCC and suggesting potential therapeutic targets.