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摘要： Enhancing crude exopolysaccharide (EPS) production during lactic acid fermentation in complex food matrices remains challenging due to the nonlinear interactions among multiple process variables. In addition, how fermentation optimization influences product-related attributes such as antioxidant activity and volatile composition remains insufficiently understood. This study employed Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SJ-L-1, a high-EPS-producing strain (0.4 mg/mL in de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium) previously isolated in our laboratory. To further increase crude EPS yield within a food substrate, the strain was used to ferment jujuba juice, with fermentation conditions optimized via a Random Forest (RF) model. The RF model identified critical factors and established optimal fermentation conditions, resulting in an crude EPS yield of 11.2 mg/mL, which corresponds to a 220% increase relative to the unoptimized control (3.5 mg/mL). In addition to this substantial improvement in yield, the optimized fermentation process enhanced both the functional and volatile flavor profile of the beverage. Specifically, hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity increased by 66.7%, while the volatile composition shifted, with reduced relative levels of some aldehydes and increased relative levels of several esters and ketones, indicating changes in aroma-related compounds. This study demonstrates that the RF model can effectively model the relationships between fermentation variables and crude EPS production, and can be used to guide process optimization within the studied conditions.

摘要： Temperature prediction and thermal management are critical to maintain batteries in safe and efficient operations. In this work we present a finite volume modelling framework based upon the solution of the solid energy balance able to rapidly compute the temperature distribution inside Sodium Metal Chloride batteries. The proposed simulation tool is validated against relevant experimental results describing any operative condition possible for a 10 × 10 cells battery and its performances are evaluated in terms of accuracy and computational time required to run simulations.

关键词： Aortic dissection   Atherosclerosis   Chlorogenic acid   Ferroptosis   Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 axis   Vascular smooth muscle cells  

摘要： Aortic dissection (AD) represents a critical cardiovascular emergency characterized by high mortality and a lack of effective pharmacological interventions. This study investigates the role of ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation, in the pathogenesis of AD, with a particular focus on the therapeutic efficacy of chlorogenic acid (CA), a natural phenolic compound with established antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Using an atherosclerotic male ApoE^−/− mouse model subjected to a high-fat diet and angiotensin II infusion, we evaluated the effects of CA treatment (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) on AD incidence, mortality, and various pathophysiological parameters. Our findings indicate that CA significantly reduces AD incidence and mortality in a dose-dependent manner, mitigating aortic medial degeneration, elastic fiber fragmentation, and lipid accumulation. Immunofluorescence co-staining further revealed that CA markedly reduced 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) accumulation in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA)-positive mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS), confirming VSMC-specific inhibition of ferroptosis. Mechanistically, CA inhibits ferroptotic damage by reducing mitochondrial shrinkage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while restoring the expression of key ferroptosis-related markers in the Nrf2/HO-1/GPX4 signaling axis. Pharmacological inhibition of Nrf2 using ML385 abolished these CA-mediated protective effects, verifying the essential role of Nrf2 signaling in the anti-ferroptotic action of CA. Corroborating these findings, transcriptomic profiling identified ferroptosis as a pivotal driver of AD, and in vitro experiments demonstrated that CA enhances the viability of MOVAS while inhibiting ferroptosis. In conclusion, this study highlights CA as a promising therapeutic agent for preventing and treating AD, elucidating its action via MOVAS specific ferroptosis inhibition through the Nrf2/

关键词： K. pneumoniae   ST1545   tmexCD2-toprJ2   blaNDM-1   blaKPC-2   Coexistence  

摘要：

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  We identified clinical ST1545 K. pneumoniae co-harbouring bla_NDM-1, bla_KPC-2, and tmexCD2-toprJ2.
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  Plasmids play the key role in accumulating bla_NDM-1, bla_KPC-2, and tmexCD2-toprJ2.
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  ISs and class 1 integron facilitate mobilization of bla_NDM-1, bla_KPC-2, and tmexCD2-toprJ2.

关键词： Charge transport mechanisms   Dielectric relaxation   Electric modulus formalism   Oxygen vacancy conduction  

摘要： Erbium-doped ceria, Ce_1-xEr_xO_2-δ (x = 0.1 - 0.2), was systematically investigated to elucidate the relationship between dielectric relaxation, defect association, and charge transport mechanisms over a wide frequency (40 Hz–5 MHz) and temperature (200–600 °C) range. The samples were synthesized via a sucrose–pectin-assisted modified sol–gel route. The samples were characterized using TG/DTA, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, XRD, SEM, XPS, and impedance analysis. Frequency-dependent dielectric permittivity (ε′), loss tangent (tan δ), electric modulus (M∗), and ac conductivity (σ_ac) reveal thermally activated relaxation governed by oxygen-vacancy dynamics. The association energy was determined to be 0.05 eV (x = 0.1) and 0.06 eV (x = 0.2), while the migration energy for long-range vacancy motion was 0.68 eV and 0.76 eV, respectively, as obtained from the temperature dependence of the relaxation frequency derived from tan δ analysis. Ce_0.9Er_0.1O_2-δ exhibits higher electrical conductivity (5.45 × 10⁻³ S/cm at 600 °C) compared to Ce_0.8Er_0.2O_2-δ (2.05 × 10⁻³ S/cm). The enhanced conductivity at lower Er content is attributed to reduced dopant–vacancy association and improved vacancy mobility, both of which are correlated with stronger dielectric screening. These results establish a quantitative relationship between dielectric screening, defect energetics, and oxide-ion transport in Er-doped ceria, providing insight for optimizing ceria-based electrolytes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells.

关键词： Class II subdivision   Deep overbite   Maxillary distalization   Palatal miniscrew   Skeletal anchorage  

摘要： Adult Class II patients with protrusive maxillary incisors, a constricted maxillary arch, deep overbite, and reduced periodontal support are challenging to manage when orthognathic surgery is refused and preservation of the soft-tissue profile is a major concern. This case report describes the nonsurgical treatment of an adult patient with an Angle Class II division 1 right-subdivision malocclusion using maxillary third-molar extraction, self-ligating appliances, and miniscrew-assisted maxillary distalization, with successful transfer of anchorage from failed buccal miniscrews to palatal miniscrews. A 30-year-old man presented with maxillary anterior spacing, a constricted maxillary arch, excessive overjet, traumatic deep overbite, mild mandibular crowding, and generalized reduced periodontal support. Treatment was performed without premolar extraction using bite turbos, sequential archwires, intermaxillary elastics, maxillary third-molar extraction, and en masse maxillary distalization supported initially by buccal miniscrews and subsequently by palatal miniscrews after buccal screw failure. After 16 months of active treatment, facial and smile aesthetics were improved, with full maxillary incisor display and reduced buccal corridors. Bilateral Class I canine and molar relationships, coincident dental midlines, normal overjet and overbite, and good intercuspation were achieved. Periodontal re-evaluation showed a clinically stable periodontium. Successful nonsurgical correction of this adult Class II division 1 right-subdivision malocclusion was achieved without premolar extraction. Transfer of anchorage from failed buccal miniscrews to stable palatal miniscrews was a key factor in completing treatment and obtaining favourable occlusal, dentoalveolar, periodontal, and aesthetic outcomes.

关键词： NaNbO3-Based ceramics   Optical temperature sensing   Up-conversion   Non-thermally coupled levels  

摘要： Upconversion luminescence (UCL) encounters considerable obstacles in the form of thermal quenching and inadequate stability at elevated temperatures, which stem from both an increased non-radiative transition probability and host lattice defects. In this work, Na_1-3x-3yTm_xYb_yNbO₃ ceramics were evaluated for their potential in luminescence intensity ratio-based optical thermometry, utilizing the non-thermally coupled blue (¹G₄→³H₆) and red (³F₂→³H₆) emissions of Tm³⁺. The temperature-dependent UCL spectra were systematically investigated over a broad temperature range of 193-833 K. The absolute sensitivity increased gently across the temperature range of 193 - 433 K and then rose sharply after 433 K, while the relative sensitivity reached a maximum of 3.21% K⁻¹ at 353 K. As a complementary approach, the temperature-dependent average decay lifetime was evaluated for optical thermometry. Notably, this modality yielded distinct optimal temperatures for absolute sensitivity (0.17 K⁻¹ at 513 K) and relative sensitivity (0.17% K⁻¹ 673 K), highlighting the versatility of multi-parameter temperature sensing.

关键词： Coordination polymer   Copper   Dye removal   Heterogenous catalyst   Muconate  

摘要： Novel one-dimensional (1-D) coordination polymers [Cu(cc-muc)(phen)]_n (1) and [Cu(tt-muc)(phen)]_n (2), (cc-muc = cis,cis-muconate; tt-muc = trans,trans-muconate; phen = 1,10-phenantroline), were obtained by self-assembly reactions at ambient conditions. Polymers 1 and 2 were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. 1 and 2 crystallize in monoclinic C2/c space group. In both polymers, the metal centres have a distorted octahedral coordination geometry and the coordination modes of the muc ligands, along to the chelate coordination of phen, lead to 1-D coordination arrays. These Cu(II) polymers are water stable and their efficiency as heterogenous catalysts in Fenton-like process was proved in the removal of a cationic dye, Congo red (CR), and of an anionic dye, malachite green (MG), from water. Polymers 1 and 2 can remove both organic dyes, reaching above 80% degradation of CR in approximately 30 min, under room visible light, without the need of light irradiation, and in darkness. For MG, under the same experimental conditions, over 60% degradation was obtained for both polymers after 60 min. Additionally, photoluminescence analyses in aqueous solution proved that polymer 1 is a more efficient photocatalyst than polymer 2. Furthermore, polymers 1 and 2 can perform five cycles of the photocatalytic reaction with over 75% removal of CR. PXRD analyses demonstrate that polymers 1 and 2 are structurally stable after catalyzing a complete Fenton-like CR dye removal process.

关键词： Apelin receptor   G-protein-biased agonist   Structure–activity relationship   β-Arrestin  

摘要： The apelin receptor (AplnR) is a prominent peptide-binding Class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) involved in the regulation of cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and immune functions, as well as skeletal development. Activation of the AplnR-mediated β-arrestin pathway has been associated with adverse effects including pathological cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Therefore, the development of G protein-biased small-molecule agonists is expected to provide an improved safety profile for long-term therapeutic use. In this study, a series of 1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide derivatives were designed and synthesized as small-molecule AplnR agonists. Among them, the most promising compound B-007 exhibited potent agonist activity with an EC₅₀ value of 11.6 nM. Notably, compared with an endogenous ligand apelin-13, B-007 demonstrated a pronounced G protein bias with abolished β-arrestin signaling. These results identified a new promising scaffold for the development of G protein-biased agonists.

摘要： This study investigated the prognostic value of ¹⁸F-PET/CT parameters in patients with metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) treated with gemcitabine-cisplatin (GP) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors as first-line therapy.