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关键词： 1/f noise   Linear surrogate method   Recurrence plot   Stochasticity test  

摘要： Current time series measured from carbon fibers and transistors exhibit irregular fluctuations and often show 1/f power spectra. However, it remains unclear whether these fluctuations arise from linear processes or whether they involve nonlinear or deterministic dynamics. In this study, we investigate the stochastic and dynamical properties of these data using two independent hypothesis tests. We first confirm that both datasets exhibit 1/f spectra and apply surrogate-data testing using the Iterative Amplitude Adjusted Fourier Transform (IAAFT) method. The results show that both datasets are consistent with being generated by linear processes. To determine if the underlying dynamics are stochastic, we then apply two stochasticity assessment methods based on recurrence triangles within recurrence plots. Determinism was evaluated using recurrence-triangle statistics, which distinguish deterministic chaos from stochastic processes. The results indicate that both datasets can be regarded as time series originating from stochastic processes. Taken together, these findings indicate that the 1/f current fluctuations obtained from carbon fibers and transistors can be explained coherently by a system governed by linear stochastic processes, rather than by nonlinear deterministic dynamics.

关键词： OME   POMDME   MBMS   Flow reactor   Low-temperature oxidation   Kinetic modeling   NTC  

摘要： This study investigates the oxidation of three oxymethylene ethers (OME_1–3) in a new elevated-pressure laminar plug-flow reactor, utilizing electron-ionization molecular-beam mass spectrometry. Experiments were conducted at an absolute pressure of 5 bar to mimic conditions more relevant to combustion systems but still allowing for the exploration of reaction kinetics and pathways in a controlled environment. The experimental work is supported by kinetic modeling using our in-house DLR Concise mechanism to gain deeper insights into OME_1-3 combustion chemistry and highlight the controlling pathways. Kinetic modeling with two additional literature mechanisms was also employed to complement the findings. The measurements at constant carbon flow and similar conditions enable a systematic analogy among the three studied OMEs. The results reveal preferred formation of small C₁–C₂ hydrocarbons and oxygenates such as formaldehyde and methyl formate as combustion intermediates. Formation of methanol and formic acid was also observed during oxidation of all three OMEs, but the latter in significantly higher concentrations for both longer-chain OMEs. OME₁ shows only low reactivity in the low-temperature chemistry (LTC) regime, while the two larger OMEs have a higher reactivity in the LTC regime and also show a negative temperature coefficient behavior at the studied conditions. In line with previous reactor studies at atmospheric pressure, the reactivity of OME₂ and OME₃ is also similar at 5 bar, but is clearly distinguishable from OME₁. This work not only enhances our understanding of the fundamental chemistry underlying the oxidation mechanisms of OMEs, but also underscores their potential as cleaner fuel alternatives.

关键词： Diabetes   GLP-1   Lipoprotein (a)   Lp(a)   MACE   Myocardial infarction   Obesity   Stroke  

摘要： Elevated lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established, genetically mediated risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), yet effective therapies targeting Lp(a) remain limited. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) provide cardiometabolic benefits in high-risk populations, but their impact among patients with elevated Lp(a) levels is not well defined.

关键词： High-entropy oxides   Layered oxide cathode   Machine learning   Na-ion battery   Transition metal doping  

摘要： The growing demand for energy storage systems, together with the scarcity of lithium resources, makes sodium-ion batteries increasingly attractive. Despite extensive efforts to develop layered oxide cathodes, these materials still face limitations in capacity, cyclability, and structural stability. Here, we investigate the role of transition metal doping on initial discharge capacity and discharge capacity at the 50^th cycle through a machine learning approach, while discussing cyclability and high-voltage behavior as correlation-based trends inferred from the predicted capacity values. A dataset of 662 samples representing 253 unique compositions is compiled from 125 peer-reviewed articles and is used to train two optimized MLPRegressor models. The first model predicts initial discharge capacity from 20 features (R² = 0.88), while the second predicts discharge capacity at the 50^th cycle using the initial value as an input (R² = 0.89). Building on O3-NaNi_1/3Fe_1/3Mn_1/3O₂, six dopants (Mg²⁺, Cu²⁺, Co³⁺, Al³⁺, Ti⁴⁺, Sn⁴⁺) are systematically introduced, generating 2184 new compositions. Model predictions suggest that the best-performing compositions contain more than five transition metal elements and that configurational entropy and weighted average ionic radius are key parameters governing performance. For the first time, atomic descriptors are integrated with experimental insight and machine learning to provide screening-level compositional guidelines for layered oxide cathodes while reducing material use and experimental effort.

关键词： 1,2-pentanediol   Catalytic hydrocracking   Furfural   Membrane dispersed microreactor  

摘要： The conventional production of 1,2-pentanediol (1,2-PeD) from fossil fuels suffers from high energy consumption and significant environmental pressure. Therefore, developing efficient catalysts to enable the hydrolytic hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural (FF) is an urgent requirement for obtaining a green alternative. In this work, a membrane dispersion microreactor was successfully employed to incorporate Ce into a Cu-based catalyst for the catalytic hydro conversion of FF to 1,2-PeD. The optimum process conditions were determined by orthogonal reaction: 170 ℃, 6 MPa, 5.5 h. Under these conditions, FF was completely converted with the selectivity increased to 44%, resulting in a yield 2.2 times higher than that obtained with the undoped Ce catalyst. Furthermore, the catalyst exhibited excellent stability with no significant activity loss after five cycles of use. The characterization results show that the introduction of Ce significantly improved the dispersion of the active components, effectively suppressed the agglomeration of Cu particles, and increased the specific surface area of the catalysts; the calcination temperature changes the number of basic sites on the surface of the catalyst and affects the mode of adsorption of the intermediate furfuryl alcohol (FFA), thus affecting the catalyst performance.

关键词： DFT   Ferroptosis   Molecular docking   Nrf-2/GPX-4 signaling   Oxidative stress   Pyrazolone  

摘要： Ferroptosis is a sort of cell death attributed to iron-dependent lipid peroxidation that represents a promising target for cancer therapy. Pyrazolone candidates have a broad pharmacological potential, including antineoplastic activity. In this study, a series of pyrazolone-ornamented heterocycles (3-10) was synthesized and characterized via elemental analysis and different spectroscopic data, including NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopy. Molecular docking and SwissADME analyses identified compound 10 as exhibiting the highest binding affinity toward the ferroptosis-related targets nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) and glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX-4) compared with the reference drug cisplatin, alongside favorable pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness characteristics. DFT/B3LYP/6-311+G (d,p) calculations were carried out on the most active compound to gain insight into its optimized molecular structure and electronic properties. The electronic properties were evaluated through frontier molecular orbital analysis and MEP map. Also, ELF, LOL, and NCI analyses were performed to elucidate the degree of electron localization and to examine the type and intensity of interactions. within the studied system. In vitro, compound 10 exerted selective cytotoxicity against MCF-7 neoplastic cells with pronounced morphological alterations. Flow cytometry revealed that compound 10 elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, enhancing oxidative stress, which was substantiated by raised malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a drop in reduced glutathione (GSH) content and GPX activity. It also raised iron levels, suggesting iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation. Mechanistically, compound 10 downregulated Nrf-2 protein expression, reduced heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1) and elevated p53 gene expression in a dose-dependent manner. Collectively, compound 10 contrib

关键词： Aging   Obesity   Exercise   Heart   Skeletal muscle   Gγ1 gene  

摘要： Gγ1, a member of the G protein γ subunit family, participates in regulating diverse physiological processes such as energy metabolism and actomyosin dynamics. However, it remains unclear whether muscle Gγ1 is involved in regulating lipid metabolism and obesity-related complications during the aging process, as well as the effects of exercise intervention on these outcomes. In this study, Gγ1 gene was knocked down and overexpressed in Drosophila muscles using the Gγ1^{UAS-RNAi/Mef2-Gal4} and Gγ1^{UAS-OE/Mef2-Gal4} systems. Following a 4-week endurance exercise regimen. Results showed that muscle-specific knockdown of Gγ1 accelerated age-related lipid accumulation and toxicity, as evidenced by elevated triglyceride and malondialdehyde levels, and induced mitochondrial dysfunction involving suppression of the Sir2/PGC-1α/MRCC-I pathway. These changes were accompanied by aggravated aging-related phenotypes in Drosophila, including declines in motor performance (climbing speed) and cardiac function (heart rate and fractional shortening), as well as a significant reduction in lifespan. Conversely, overexpression of Gγ1 produced opposite effects. Endurance exercise training alleviated obesity-related cardiac dysfunction and locomotor impairment by upregulating muscle Gγ1 expression in aging Drosophila, and this effect resembled an additive enhancement under conditions of muscle-specific Gγ1 overexpression. These findings suggest that muscle Gγ1 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for obesity and aging-related interventions, and exercise represents an effective strategy for mitigating metabolic and aging defects associated with muscle Gγ1 deficiency.

关键词： Echinococcus multilocularis   Alveolar echinococcosis   Serine protease inhibitors   Serodiagnosis  

摘要：

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  EmSPI-1 is highly expressed in E. multilocularis germinal layer, adult worms, and pepsin-treated protoscoleces at the host-parasite interface.
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  Recombinant EmSPI-1 provides 90.37% sensitivity and 96.24% specificity for the serodiagnosis of human alveolar echinococcosis.
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  rEmSPI-1 induces a dominant IgG4 antibody response in AE patients with low cross-reactivity (12.3%) with cystic echinococcosis sera.

关键词： Quantum state tomography   Quantum teleportation   Spin-1 systems  

摘要： We show that the teleportation-based quantum state tomography (QST) protocol, originally built to reconstruct qubits (spin-1/2 systems), can be extended to deal with qutrits (spin-1 systems) as well. Similarly to the original proposal, only two resources are needed to implement the spin-1 teleportation-based QST protocol: (1) Alice should be able to implement the analog of Bell measurements for spin-1 systems; and (2) she should be able to prepare a few different single qutrit states that will be teleported to Bob.