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关键词： 维持性血液透析   几丁质酶3样蛋白1   动静脉内瘘   终末期肾病  

摘要： 目的探讨几丁质酶3样蛋白1(chitinase-3-like protein 1,CHI3L1)水平与维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者动静脉内瘘(arteriovenous fistula,AVF)闭塞风险的相关性。方法纳入2023年1月─2024年3月会理市人民医院治疗的MHD患者168例,根据患者1年内是否发生AVF闭塞情况分为闭塞组(n=33)和对照组(n=135),收集患者基线资料及CHI3L1水平,通过Logistic回归分析其与MHD患者AVF闭塞的相关性。结果闭塞组MHD患者与对照组原发疾病(χ^(2)=6.390,P=0.041)、血清白蛋白(t=2.133,P=0.037)、血清钙(t=2.703,P=0.010)、钙磷乘积(t=2.124,P=0.040)、CHI3L1(t=2.754,P=0.008)水平间差异有统计学意义;多因素Logistic回归分析显示:高血清白蛋白(OR=0.816,95%CI:0.719~0.926,P=0.002)是MHD患者AVF闭塞发生风险的保护因素,高血清钙(OR=1.641,95%CI:1.005~2.682,P=0.048)、高钙磷乘积(OR=1.053,95%CI:1.010~1.099,P=0.015)、高CHI3L1(OR=1.135,95%CI:1.077~1.195,P<0.001)是MHD患者AVF闭塞发生风险危险因素;ROC曲线显示基线血清CHI3L1水平预测MHD患者AVF闭塞发生的曲线下面积为0.724,敏感度为62.96%,特异度为93.94%,阈值为123.13 ng/ml;联合预测的曲线下面积为0.811,敏感度为76.30%,特异度为75.76%。结论基线CHI3L1水平升高与AVF闭塞发生风险增加独立相关,可用于AVF闭塞的预测,但联合血清白蛋白、血清钙、钙磷乘积预测价值更高。

关键词： Backward evolution equations   Controllability   Fixed point theorem   Fractional derivative   Measure of non-compactness  

摘要： This paper investigates the approximate and exact controllability of a class of fractional backward evolution equations with order $1<\alpha <2$ in Hilbert spaces. First, by employing the Tikhonov-type regularization method to construct an approximate control function, we establish sufficient conditions for the approximate controllability of the system via Schauder${}^{\prime }$s fixed point theorem. Subsequently, the exact controllability of the system is systematically studied under two distinct cases: the compact semigroup case and the noncompact semigroup case. In particular, for the noncompact case, the controllability results are derived by utilizing the Mönch${}^{\prime }$s fixed point theorem combined with the technique of measures of non-compactness. Finally, an example is provided to verify the validity of the proposed theoretical results.

关键词： atomic gadolinium   excited states   odd-parity   resonance ionization   32.80.Zb   82.80.Ms   42.55.Mv  

摘要： The three-color, three-step resonance ionization spectroscopy technique was employed to investigate the odd-parity excited states of gadolinium in the 28700-31500 cm-1 energy region. Spectra scanned without lambda 1 led to the identification of 101 interference peaks, which were excluded from subsequent studies. A total of 40 odd-parity excited states were observed from scans of nine even-parity lower levels, including 19 states reported here for the first time. Unique J values were assigned to 39 levels using the electric dipole selection rule. Comparison with previous studies confirms the reliability of the present results, with the absolute energy accuracy estimated to be better than +/- 0.1 cm-1.

摘要： Fish learning abilities play a key role in optimizing husbandry and feeding strategies. This study examines spatial learning and associated neuronal gene expression in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), a species widely farmed in the Mediterranean. Individuals were classified as learners (L), non-learners (NL), or non-attempters (NA) based on performance in a spatial task over 3- and 8-day learning periods. Approximately 10–16% of fish successfully learned the task, showing improved trial times and increased expression of immediate early genes (IEGs) egr-1 and c-fos in the telencephalon and inferior lobe of the hypothalamus, regions linked to learning, memory, and reward processing. NL fish displayed partial neural activation but inconsistent behavioral success, likely influenced by motivation or stress, while NA fish showed behavioral apathy and lower gene expression. Prolonged training led to habituation and neural desensitization, whereas the shorter, 3-day learning better captured learning-related gene expression changes. These findings indicate that IEG expression is a reliable marker of learning-related brain activity but may also reflect stress responses. Thus, recognizing individual variability in cognitive performance and well-managed learning protocols can improve fish welfare and feeding efficiency in aquaculture.

关键词： Radioimmunotherapy   Nivolumab   Gastric cancer   Metastatic lymph node  

摘要： Cancer immunotherapy combining radiotherapy and anti-PD-1 therapy is a promising treatment strategy. However, the optimal method of radiotherapy to combine with anti-PD-1 therapy has not yet been established. We investigated the clinical efficacy of combinatorial immunotherapy with nivolumab and localized non-ablative irradiation against metastatic lymph node (Nivo-lRT_mLN) in patients with metastatic gastric cancer (m-GC).

关键词： Single crystals  

摘要： A sustainable visible-light-driven protocol for the regioselective mono-halogenation of 1-substituted-3-arylquinoxalin-2(1H)-ones has been developed. In contrast to previously reported thermally assisted or microwave-promoted methods, the present transformation proceeds efficiently under mild conditions at room temperature in water, without the requirement for elevated temperatures, acid additives, or energy-intensive activation. The reaction employs a dual catalytic system consisting of Pd(OAc)₂ and water-soluble Eosin Y, together with 1,3-dihalo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DXDMH) as a safe and efficient halogenating reagent. The methodology affords synthetically valuable yields (64–89%) over a broad substrate scope with excellent regioselectivity and good functional-group tolerance. Mechanistic studies, including radical trapping experiments, light on/off investigations, and control reactions, suggest a cooperative pathway involving palladium-mediated C–H activation and photoredox-induced generation of halogen radicals. The regioselective halogenation pattern was unequivocally established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, while the practicality of the protocol was demonstrated through a 0.5 g scale reaction. Overall, this work provides an operationally simple, environmentally benign, and fundamentally distinct alternative to conventional halogenation strategies, offering a valuable contribution to sustainable photocatalytic C–H functionalization.

关键词： Atrial fibrillation   Cardiovascular outcomes   Comparative effectiveness   GLP-1 receptor agonist   SGLT-2 inhibitor   Type 2 diabetes  

摘要： To compare glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) for cardiovascular, atrial fibrillation (AF) disease course, and safety outcomes in adults with concurrent AF and type 2 diabetes.

关键词： Staphylococcus   elimination rate   incidence rate   milk production and components   somatic cell score  

摘要： On Canadian dairy farms, staphylococcal species, including Staphylococcus aureus and NAS, cause most IMI in lactating cows. However, knowledge remains limited about their impact on quarter-level SCS, milk yield, and composition, as well as their lactational incidence and elimination rates. This study aimed to describe staphylococcal species–specific IMI association with SCS, milk production, and milk composition in primiparous and multiparous cows, and to describe their prevalence, incidence, and elimination rates. Five commercial dairy farms with automated milking systems in Québec, Canada, were visited biweekly to collect aseptic quarter milk samples. Cows were recruited at 3 to 14 DIM and sampled every other week until 305 DIM. Bacteriological culture and MALDI-TOF MS were used for staphylococcal identification. A total of 21,467 samples from 1,537 quarters of 387 cows (307 multiparous, 80 primiparous) were analyzed. The most prevalent staphylococci in mammary gland quarters were Staphylococcus chromogenes (4.0%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (2.6%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (2.1%), and S. aureus (1.9%). Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus chromogenes, and Staphylococcus equorum IMI were more frequent in primiparous cows, whereas S. aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and S. haemolyticus were more common in multiparous cows. Staphylococcus haemolyticus and S. epidermidis showed the highest incidence, whereas S. chromogenes and Staphylococcus simulans had elimination rates similar to or lower than S. aureus. Many lactational staphylococcal IMI were transient, with high species-specific elimination rates. Associations with quarter-level SCS, milk yield, and milk components were evaluated using 7,703 to 9,967 test-day samples from over 1,300 quarters of 369 cows. In primiparous cows, quarters with IMI by S. aureu