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关键词： italic>Eimeria maxima   chicken   DNA vaccine   EmEF1 alpha   ChXCL1  

摘要： The moderate pathogenicity coupled with high host susceptibility of Eimeria maxima has precipitated substantial economic losses in the poultry industry. Addressing challenges such as emerging drug resistance underscores the imperative for innovative vaccine strategies. This study developed a novel DNA vaccine to solve this challenge by fusing E. maxima elongation factor-1 alpha (EmEF1 alpha) with chicken chemokine XCL1 (ChXCL1) in the pVAX1 vector. The recombinant plasmid, designated pVAX1-ChXCL1-EmEF1 alpha, was successfully constructed and confirmed to express the ChXCL1-EmEF1 alpha fusion protein in vitro. Immunization of chickens with this DNA vaccine elicited a robust and balanced immune response, characterized by significantly increased proportions of CD4+ (11.76%) and CD8+ (5.58%) T lymphocytes, elevated levels of Th1-associated cytokines (IFN-gamma and IL-12), and strong antigen-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses. Following experimental challenge with E. maxima, vaccinated birds exhibited substantial protection: a 66.4% reduction in oocyst shedding, a 71.7% improvement in relative weight gain, marked attenuation of intestinal lesions, and an anticoccidial index (ACI) of 170. These findings demonstrate that the ChXCL1-EmEF1 alpha DNA vaccine effectively enhances both cellular and humoral immunity. Collectively, this study validates ChXCL1 as a potent molecular adjuvant and establishes the "antigen-adjuvant" fusion DNA platform as a promising strategy for developing next-generation vaccines against avian coccidiosis.

关键词： cyclopentadienyl ligands   phosphaferrocenes   phosphorus cycles   white phosphorus   X-ray diffraction  

摘要： Sodium polyphosphides Na x P n (Na[ cyclo -P 5 ] and Na 3 P 7 ), generated from white phosphorus and elemental sodium, react with phosphaalkynes R–C≡P (R = SiMe 3 , t Bu, Ad, Mes) to give the respective sodium 2,5-R-1,3,4-triphosphacyclopentadienide Na[1,3,4-( cyclo -(CR) 2 P 3 ] either solely, or as a mixture with the corresponding 1,2,3,4-tetraphosphacyclopentadienide Na[( cyclo -(CR)P 4 ]. The one-pot reaction between Na, P 4 , and carboxylic acid derivatives (acyl chlorides or esters) leads to a mixture that mainly consists of sodium bis(acyl)phosphides Na[(C(O)R) 2 P] and 1,2,3,4-tetraphosphacyclopentadienides Na[( cyclo -(CR)P 4 ] (R = Ar, Alk, ), which can be separated. [( cyclo -(CR)P 4 ] – anions represent a class of scarcely investigated aromatic phosphorus-heterocycles that are of considerable interest in coordination chemistry. Further studies show the possibilities to generate tetraphosphaferrocenes when treated with Fe II precursors.