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关键词： Breast cancer (BC)   human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-negative)   Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)   nomogram  

摘要： Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative early-stage breast cancer (BC) exhibits significant heterogeneity, complicating personalized treatment decisions after breast-conserving surgery (BCS). Robust tools integrating baseline risk, treatment response, and sociodemographic factors are needed to optimize survival while minimizing unnecessary toxicity. This study aimed to create a clinical decision-support tool that leverages these multifaceted factors to optimize survival outcomes and minimize treatment toxicity for these patients. Methods: Utilizing population-level data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program (cases from 2010 to 2016;n=8,384), we constructed and validated prognostic nomograms for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) in a cohort of HER2-negative, T1-3N0-1 BC patients who underwent BCS followed by radiotherapy. Key prognostic variables were identified through multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression. The performance of the nomograms was rigorously assessed using the concordance index (C-index), time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Finally, risk stratification was performed by applying optimal cut-off points determined via X-tile software. Results: Key independent predictors included tumor grade, tumor (T) stage, estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) status, marital status, and single primary tumor status. Nomograms significantly outperformed American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 7th staging (OS C-index: 0.69 vs. 0.63;CSS C-index: 0.74 vs. 0.63). Patients were stratified into low- (33%), middle-, and high-risk (27%) groups. Chemotherapy provided no OS/CSS benefit in low-risk patients but substantially improved outcomes in high-risk patients (P<0.001). Achieving a complete response (CR) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was associated with superior survival outcome

关键词： Lidocaine   TRPV6   Thermal ablation   Cholangiocarcinoma   Tumor thermotolerance   Sublethal heat stress  

摘要： Sublethal heat stress during thermal ablation induces thermotolerance and tumor recurrence, limiting its efficacy in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Here, we reported that lidocaine, a commonly used local anesthetic, acts as a thermosensitizer by directly targeting TRPV6, an ion channel overexpressed in CCA and correlated with poor prognosis. In CCA models, lidocaine enhanced heat-induced apoptosis and suppressed proliferation. Mechanistically, it selectively inhibited TRPV6-mediated store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), disrupting the Ca²⁺/PI3K/AKT/HSF-1 signaling axis, suppressing HSF-1 nuclear translocation, and downregulating cytoprotective HSP70. Direct binding between lidocaine and TRPV6 was confirmed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR), cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), and drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS). Molecular dynamics simulations and mutagenesis identified TRP583 as the critical binding residue; its mutation abolished lidocaine-induced calcium inhibition and thermal sensitization. In vivo, lidocaine combined with ablation significantly reduced tumor growth and recurrence. Our results establish TRPV6 as a functional target of lidocaine and provide a mechanistic basis for repurposing this anesthetic as an ablation sensitizer in CCA. This strategy offers a clinically applicable approach to overcome tumor thermotolerance and enhance the efficacy of thermal ablation in cholangiocarcinoma.

关键词： nighttime light   urban green space   SDGSAT-1   spectral composition  

摘要： Highlights What are the main findings? A Swin Transformer-based encoder-decoder framework, UGS-STUNet, was developed to classify five distinct urban green space (UGS) typologies from Google Earth imagery. The proposed UGS-STUNet outperformed state-of-the-art models across multiple evaluation metrics, achieving a precision of 85.72% and an F1 score of 83.73%. Blue-to-green (B/G) and green-to-red (G/R) ratios were proposed to map the spectral composition of lighting across different UGS typologies using SDGSAT-1 NTL data. We identified stark spectral heterogeneity across different UGS typologies in Shanghai. Street trees show highest red exposure, while forest patches, forest belts, and other green spaces exhibit blue-rich lighting environment. What are the implications of the main findings? This research provides a scalable method for monitoring the spectral quality of urban nightscapes, offering critical evidence to inform sustainable urban planning and the design of light-mitigation strategies to support global biodiversity and public health. The urban ecological health of Shanghai's UGS is differentially impacted by nighttime lighting, and the high-red-intensity exposure identified in street trees suggests a high risk of shifting the phytochrome *** What are the main findings? A Swin Transformer-based encoder-decoder framework, UGS-STUNet, was developed to classify five distinct urban green space (UGS) typologies from Google Earth imagery. The proposed UGS-STUNet outperformed state-of-the-art models across multiple evaluation metrics, achieving a precision of 85.72% and an F1 score of 83.73%. Blue-to-green (B/G) and green-to-red (G/R) ratios were proposed to map the spectral composition of lighting across different UGS typologies using SDGSAT-1 NTL data. We identified stark spectral heterogeneity across different UGS typologies in Shanghai. Street trees show highest red exposure, while forest patches, forest belts, and other green spaces ex

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease   Xing-Pi-Qing-Gan decoction   DDIT3   Nrf2/HO-1   Oxidative stress  

摘要： BACKGROUND Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is driven by oxidative stress, lipid metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis. Current therapies lack efficacy in targeting multi-pathway mechanisms. Xing-Pi-Qing-Gan decoction (XPQG) is an improved traditional Chinese medicine designed to alleviate ALD, but its molecular mechanism remains unknown. AIM To illustrate the therapeutic targets and molecular pathways of XPQG for the treatment of ALD by integrating chemical profiling, network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and experimental verification in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The components of XPQG were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Then, the protective effect of XPQG on ethanol-induced liver injury, especially its regulatory effect on DDIT3 expression and associated Nrf2/HO-1 antioxidant signaling, was investigated through in vivo animal experiments and in vitro cell experiments. A mouse model of ALD was developed, and the mechanism of XPQG was validated through hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Western blot, and quantitative RT-PCR. In addition, the key role of DDIT3 in XPQG-mediated protection was further verified by siDDIT3 cell transfection technology. Animal experiments with the reactive oxygen species inhibitor N-acetylcysteine (NAC) further validated the mechanism of XPQG to alleviate liver injury by regulating oxidative stress. RESULTS In ethanol-treated HepG2 cells, XPQG dose-dependently reduced the formation of lipid droplets, inhibited the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 beta, and alleviated oxidative stress. In mice, XPQG (15.2 g/kg) lowered the liver/body weight ratio, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase;H&E and Oil Red O demonstrated a reduction in steatosis. Network pharmacology and RNA-seq converged on MAPK signaling, suggesting DDIT3 as a likely key effector in XPQG-mediated protection. DDIT3 knock

关键词： alpha,alpha-dibenzylated products   1,3-dicarbonyl compounds   dibenzylation reaction   O-benzylated-alpha-benzylated products   regioselective  

摘要： A substrate-controlled method for regioselective dibenzylation reaction of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds has been developed. The protocol employs readily available 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and benzyl bromides mediated by KOH at room temperature, which enables the divergent synthesis of alpha,alpha-dibenzylated products and O-benzylated-alpha-benzylated products with wide substrate scope and good functional group compatibility. Gram-scale synthesis and further functionalization reaction demonstrate the potential practicability of this method in organic synthesis and drug development.

关键词： Type 1 diabetes mellitus   Pediatric dentistry   Periodontal health   Xerostomia   Glycemic control   Glycemic variability   Plaque index   Gingival index  

摘要： Background: Periodontal complications are frequently reported in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1DM), yet evidence linking continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics to pediatric periodontal status is limited. We assessed periodontal health in T1DM versus healthy peers and examined associations of HbA1c and CGM-derived metrics-including coefficient of variation (CV), time in range (TIR), and time below range (TBR)-with periodontal indices, alongside sociodemographic determinants. Methods: In this single-center cross-sectional study (age 7-12 years), T1DM participants (n = 52) were compared with healthy controls (n = 26). Periodontal outcomes were Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), and simplified Basic Periodontal Examination (s-BPE). CGM summaries (preceding 14-30 days) were obtained for T1DM only. Caries experience (dmft/DMFT) was recorded as an oral-health descriptor. Group comparisons used Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests;associations used Spearman correlations and multivariable linear regression adjusting for age, sex, parental ages, education, and household income. Results: Compared with controls, T1DM showed higher PI, GI, and s-BPE (all p < 0.001). Xerostomia was more frequent in T1DM (30.8% vs. 0%;p = 0.004). Periodontal indices did not differ between HbA1c (< 7% vs. >= 7%) or CV (< 36% vs. >= 36%) strata. Within T1DM, TBR < 70 mg/dL correlated weakly but positively with PI (rho = 0.312;p = 0.024) and GI (rho = 0.316;p = 0.022). In adjusted analyses restricted to the T1DM cohort, time below range < 54 mg/dL (TBR < 54) was positively associated with the plaque index. For the gingival index, small associations were observed with time in range (TIR) and glycemic variability (CV);however, these were directionally inconsistent with biological expectations and should be interpreted cautiously. No predictors were identified for the s-BPE screening outcome. dmft/DMFT did not differ across groups;maternal education associated with lower DMFT (p < 0.05). Rural-urban resi

关键词： 1 T-phase MoS2   electron-injection engineering   NC intercalation   sodium-ion batteries  

摘要： Metallic 1 T-phase MoS₂ is considered a promising anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to its fascinating electrical conductivity and large interlayer distance. Nevertheless, 1 T MoS₂ is thermodynamically unstable and susceptible to phase transition to the 2H MoS₂ polytype. Herein, thermally stable 1 T/2H mixed-phase MoS₂ nanotubes intercalated by nitrogen-doped carbon (1 T/2H MoS₂@NC) were synthesized through electron-injection and atomic-interface engineering. The introduced polydopamine molecules and subsequent carbonization not only serve as electron donors, but also as intercalated NC, stabilizing the 1 T phase to an impressive ratio of 67 %. Furthermore, the robust CS bonds at the interface significantly accelerate charge transfer and enhance the structural stability of the electrode. Consequently, the 1 T/2H MoS₂@NC exhibits excellent rate capability (271 mAh g⁻¹ at 10 A g⁻¹) and outstanding cyclability (576 mAh g⁻¹ after 1300 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹, 95 % capacity retention), surpassing 2H MoS₂ counterpart. Such an improvement signifies that the nanotubes combined with facile and scalable phase-transition engineering offers guideline for developing next-generation materials with tailored functionalities.

关键词： Reading instruction   Reading difficulties   Early-elementary   Literacy outcomes  

摘要： The purpose of this systematic observation study was to explore kindergarten and first-grade teachers' Tier 1 small-group reading instruction for students with or at risk for reading difficulties and examine the effects of instruction on students' literacy outcomes. We focused on time spent providing instruction in different literacy domains, instructional practices and materials used during text reading instruction, and impacts on student literacy outcomes. We conducted 42 observations of 15 early-elementary teachers' small-group reading instruction for students with or at risk for reading difficulties. We also conducted semi-structured interviews with teachers to learn more about their instruction and collected student literacy assessment data at the beginning and end of the school year. Results indicated that teachers' instruction typically aligned with evidence-based practices. Although instructional time was not significantly correlated with improvements in students' skills for most expected relations, there were three statistically significant relations: phonological awareness instruction and encoding outcomes (r = .39;p < .01), encoding instruction and encoding outcomes (r = .30;p = .04), and comprehension instruction and expressive comprehension outcomes (r = - .32;p = .03). Further research investigating teachers' instructional practices during small-group reading instruction and their impacts on students' literacy outcomes is warranted.

关键词： Charge separation mechanism   Fe3O4 nano octahedrons   Photocatalytic CO2 reduction   Polar crystal plane   Spontaneous electric field  

摘要： The development of highly efficient photocatalytic materials is fundamentally dependent on the charge separation model between polar crystalline planes. Capitalizing on this principle, we successfully synthesized Fe₃O₄ octahedrons with {1 1 1} crystalline planes through a hydrothermal synthesis approach. By removing Cl⁻ anions and –OH groups from the Fe-(111) crystalline surface via hydrogenation, we markedly improved the photocatalytic efficiency of these octahedrons for the reduction of CO₂ to CO. The resultant CO yield reached an outstanding 1567.5 μmol·g⁻¹·h⁻¹, with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 1.45 %, outperforming previous iron-based photocatalysts. Density functional theory calculations reveal that hydrogenation strengthens the internal spontaneous electric field between polar surfaces and lowers the energy barrier of the rate-determining step (*COOH formation) from 1.86 eV to 0.82 eV. Building on this, we proposed a photocatalytic mechanism that involves Es-induced charge separation between Fe-(111) and O-($\overline{1}\overline{1}\overline{1}$) polar crystalline surfaces. Our results illustrate that the charge separation model driven by Es between polar surfaces constitutes a highly effective photocatalytic mechanism. This understanding provides critical insights into the influence of morphology and crystalline surface on photocatalytic activity, thereby informing the design of next-generation photocatalysts and optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Stochastic moving load identification   Structural health monitoring (SHM)   First-order autoregressive model (AR(1))   Tikhonov regularization   Generalized cross-validation (GCV)   Ill-Posed problem  

摘要： In the field of bridge health monitoring, the accurate identification of moving loads is critical for structural safety assessment. To address the prevalent challenges in the existing methods, including improving the modeling of temporal correlations in stochastic moving loads and the ill-posed nature of the inverse identification problem, this paper proposes a novel AR(1)-Tikhonov-SVD framework driven by multi-point deflection responses. Initially, temporally correlated stochastic loads factor sequences are generated via the first-order autoregressive model (AR(1)), which are then coupled with nominal load pattern to construct the stochastic moving load models;Subsequently, the ill-posed system is mitigated through integrating Tikhonov regularization technology and singular value decomposition (SVD) technology, and the generalized cross-validation (GCV) is adopted to adaptively optimize the regularization parameters;Finally, validation was performed using a simply supported beam finite element model (FEM) with multi-point deflection data: (1) Relative Percentage Error (RPE) measured 8.41% under noise-free conditions;(2) RPE increased to 15.10% under 2% Gaussian noise contamination;and (3) increasing the number of measurement points yielded marked improvements in stochastic loads reconstruction accuracy, demonstrating the framework's robustness. This methodology transcends conventional deterministic identification frameworks, establishes a probabilistic paradigm for bridge safety assessment. The three innovative aspects of this work are: (1) Probabilistic stochastic moving load modeling using AR(1)-generated temporally correlated sequences coupled with nominal load patterns;(2) Self-adaptive ill-posedness resolution via Tikhonov-SVD-GCV integration enabling noise-robust reconstruction;(3) Spatio-temporal anti-noise verification through multi-point deflection synergy (9 sections) quantifying sensor-density efficacy.