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摘要： OBJECTIVE Hypoglycemia exposure lowers the glycemic threshold for symptom recognition, contributing to impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH). Interoceptive awareness, the ability to sense and interpret internal bodily sensations, is associated with a lower risk of IAH. We tested the hypothesis that interoceptive awareness moderates the association between hypoglycemia exposure and glycemic threshold for autonomic symptom recognition. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Adults with type 1 diabetes completed validated surveys assessing interoceptive awareness (Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness, Version 2 [MAIA-2]) and the glycemic threshold for autonomic symptom recognition (Hypoglycemia Awareness Questionnaire Symptom Level subscale) and provided 30-day continuous glucose monitoring data. We used proportional odds logistic regression to examine whether the MAIA-2 Attention Regulation scale score (measuring the ability to sustain and control attention to bodily sensations) moderated the association between hypoglycemia exposure (percent time [%-time] <60 mg/dL) and symptom level, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS Among 717 participants (94% White, 52% female, mean [SD] age 44 [15] years;diabetes duration 25 [15] years;17% with IAH), 30-day hypoglycemia exposure (%-time <60 mg/dL) was 0.8 (1.4%) (11.5 [20.2] min/day). Higher hypoglycemia exposure was associated with lower symptom levels (odds ratio [OR] 0.45;95% CI 0.31, 0.66;P < 0.001). Interoceptive awareness alone was not associated with symptom level (OR 0.93;95% CI 0.78, 1.12), but higher interoceptive awareness attenuated the association between hypoglycemia exposure and symptom level (OR 1.14;95% CI 1.01, 1.27;P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Interoceptive awareness moderated the association between hypoglycemia exposure and glycemic threshold for symptom recognition. Research is needed to examine whether interventions can improve interoceptive awareness and, thereby, restore awareness of hypoglycemia.

关键词： cats   dermatitis   felid alphaherpesvirus 1   dermatology   dermatopathology  

摘要： Feline herpesviral ulcerative dermatitis is associated with ulceration of the face and oral mucosa. Histologically, lesions consist of eosinophilic inflammation in the superficial dermis, with occasional eosinophilic intranuclear viral inclusion bodies in the epidermis, follicular epithelium, and associated glands. We describe a case of atypical felid alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeAHV1;family Orthoherpesviridae, taxon species Varicellovirus felidalpha1) dermatitis in a 6-y-old, castrated male, domestic shorthair cat in which lesions were located on the limbs and shoulder without facial or oral involvement. Histologic findings consisted of deep eosinophilic and plasmacytic dermatitis with vasculitis, thrombosis, and intranuclear viral inclusion bodies within macrophages. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for FeAHV1 revealed viral antigen within macrophages in the deep dermis but not in epithelial cells. FeAHV1 was identified in the affected tissue via a consensus PCR assay targeting the DNA polymerase and the DNA packaging terminase subunit 1 for herpesviruses, followed by sequencing of the PCR amplicons. Similar lesions appeared on the right shoulder and right tarsal area similar to 7 mo after the first biopsy. Histologically, lesions were typical of feline ulcerative dermatitis and consisted of extensive areas of epidermal and follicular necrosis with ulceration and occasional intranuclear eosinophilic viral inclusion bodies in the epidermis and sebocytes. IHC in the second biopsy sample revealed FeAHV1 antigen within epithelial cells and macrophages near the ulcerated areas. Clinicians and pathologists should be aware of unusual manifestations of FeAHV1-associated ulcerative dermatitis in cats.

关键词： differential mode gain   mode-dependent loss   two-photon polymerization   mode equalizer  

摘要： We propose and demonstrate an all-fiber few-mode mode equalizer (ME) fabricated via a novel, to our knowledge, femtosecond laser (3 + 1)D printing technique that employs multi-material two-photon polymerization for integrated waveguide fabrication for the first time. The waveguide structure for mode power equalization was directly integrated onto the fiber tip. By precisely tuning both the waveguide length and refractive index (RI) profile, a tunable differential mode attenuation (DMA) range from -2.4 to 9.2 dB was achieved, significantly surpassing the performance of previously reported all-fiber MEs. This approach provides a compact and highly tunable solution for mode equalization in few-mode fiber transmission systems.

关键词： Solid state reactions  

摘要： The development of environment-friendly, lead-free piezoelectric ceramics is a significant challenge in advanced functional materials. In this work, (1-phi) [Li-0.(06)(***-5(0).(5))(0).94NbO3]-phi SrBi2Nb2O9 [(1-phi;)KLNN-phi SBN] ceramics (phi = 0 and 0.5 mol%) were synthesized via solid-state reaction. Structural analysis confirmed an orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition due to SBN incorporation in KLNN. Microstructure evolved from uniform to cubical-platelet grains (similar to 0.3-0.4 mu m) with increased porosity. The dielectric measurements confirm enhanced phase stability, with the orthorhombic-tetragonal transition temperature shifting from 230 to 330 degrees C, alongside retention of elevated Curie temperatures (Tc > 550 degrees C). The KLNN-SBN (0.5 mol %) composition exhibited optimal dielectric performance (epsilon(r) approximate to 352, tan delta similar to 0.09 at 50 kHz) at room temperature. AC conductivity followed Johnson's power law with a small-polaron tunneling conduction mechanism, while impedance spectroscopy confirmed non-Debye relaxation. This study also demonstrates that the KLNS5 sample achieves a significantly higher remanent polarization of 2.24 mu C/cm(2) compared to 1.38 mu C/cm(2) in KLN, indicating enhanced ferroelectric properties resulting from compositional modification.

摘要： Aims: Real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) is crucial to diabetes management in type 1 diabetes (T1D), but its accuracy decreases during glucose fluctuations triggered by physical activity and exercise. Materials and methods: Twenty adults with T1D (9 females;age 50 +/- 12 years;HbA1c 6.6 +/- 0.5%) participated in this study, which included a 3-day lab phase where three group exercise sessions (each lasting 90 min) were performed, followed by a 4-day home phase. Participants were required to wear a Dexcom G7 (Dexcom), FreeStyle Libre 3 (Abbott), and Simplera (Medtronic) rtCGM simultaneously. From 8:00 AM (initial measurement) to 10:00 PM (final measurement), duplicate capillary blood glucose measurements were taken at 2-h intervals using the Contour Next One glucometer (Ascensia Diabetes Care) and recorded in addition to the actual displayed sensor glucose values. The performance of the rtCGM systems was evaluated by means of median absolute relative difference (MedARD) and interquartile range [IQR] against the reference blood glucose. Absolute relative differences (|ARD|) of the three rtCGMs were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (p < 0.05). Results: Overall, the MedARD [IQR] for Dexcom G7 was 8.4% [3.6-14.0] (723 comparison points), for Libre 3 7.5% [3.1-13.4] (723 comparison points), and Simplera 13.8% [6.9-22.5] (719 comparison points). No significant differences were found between Libre 3 versus Dexcom G7 (p = 0.35). A significant difference was found for Dexcom G7 versus Simplera and Libre 3 versus Simplera (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Dexcom G7 and FreeStyle Libre 3 showed very high accuracy, which could not be found for the Simplera rtCGM system. Clinical registration: German Clinical Trial Register, DRKS: DRKS00035836.

关键词： alpha -Ketodithioesters   1,3,4-Thiadiazoles   1,3,4-Oxadiazoles   Acyl hydrazides   DFT-mechanistic studies   Regioselectivity  

摘要： Herein, we report an acid-catalyzed regioselective cyclization reaction for the synthesis of 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. The transformation involves the dehydrative cyclization reaction between alpha-ketodithioesters and acyl hydrazides in p-TSA/EtOH and the desulfurative cyclization in AcOH/EtOH to form 1,3,4-thiadiazoles and 1,3,4-oxadiazoles, respectively, through a regioselective cyclization manner. Notably, cyclization occurs rapidly at mild reaction conditions under metal-free conditions, demonstrating the operational simplicity and practical applicability of the methodology. The reported procedures exhibit broad functional group compatibility accompanied by good to excellent yields providing a valuable alternative to existing synthetic approaches. Furthermore, the regioselective cyclizations of products were supported by DFT-based mechanistic studies, which provided insights into the selective cyclization pathways.

关键词： 2,3,5-Trisubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl methanone   molecular docking   anti-bacterial activity   DFT study   ADME  

摘要： 2, 3, 5-Trisubstituted-1, 3, 4-Oxadiazol-3-(2H)-yl methanone derivatives are synthesized and characterized by spectral methods such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS. The molecular docking study was conducted with assorted bacterial and fungal target proteins (PDB Id: 2ZCO, 1SNN, 1CVU, 3OSV, 6IV7 and 7BLY) to study the binding interactions of synthesized compounds. Scaffold 2j exhibited the best docking scores of -10.5, -10.0, -9.5 and -10.5 kcal/mol against target proteins 1CVU, 2ZCO, 3OSV and 7BLY, respectively. Further, synthesized analogs showed good to moderate anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Plasmodium aeruginosa;and anti-fungal activity against Aspergillus Niger and Candida albicans. Remarkably, 2n and 2l showed auspicious anti-fungal and anti-bacterial activity compared to other molecules. The DFT study was carried out at the level of B3LYP/6-31G (s) to obtain the optimized geometry of molecules, frontier molecular orbital energies, molecular electrostatic potential plots and global reactivity parameters (mu,eta,S and omega) to explore their structural and electronic features. Compound 2o exhibited the highest reactivity (eta: 1.454 eV) and compound 2e exhibited the lowest toxicity (omega: 1.401 eV) among all analogs. Overall, these findings indicate that compounds 2l, 2n and 2j would be prominent intrants for further studies concerning research and development as they exhibit good anti-microbial activity, best docking scores and favorable eta, S and omega parameters.

关键词： allergens   child   food allergy   food hypersensitivity   quality of life  

摘要： Aim Food allergy in children is a potentially serious condition. Continuous allergen avoidance and risk of anaphylaxis can cause stress, fear and anxiety. The aim of this study was to describe health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with food allergies in Sweden, and to examine the impact of age, sex, disease severity and the number of food *** This cross-sectional study included parents of children, 1-12 years old, with food allergies. Fifty-two parents completed the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire-Parental Form (FAQLQ-PF) *** Persistent food allergy was reported in 48 (92%) children. Those who had an epinephrine autoinjector, more than three allergies, symptoms affecting 4-6 organ systems, or an allergy to cow's milk reported worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) than those without. Age, sex and history of anaphylaxis did not significantly impact *** Children with food allergies face reduced HRQoL when burdened by multiple allergens, widespread symptoms or cow's milk allergy, especially those prescribed epinephrine autoinjectors. Identifying and supporting these high-risk groups is essential to improving their well-being.