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关键词： Ashwagandha extract   Withania somnifera   Withaferin A   GABA_(A)receptor   Adenosine A_(1)receptor  

摘要： Withania somnifera(Ashwagandha)has traditionally been used to alleviate stress,anxiety,and insomnia;how-ever,the mechanisms underlying its sleep-promoting effects remain unclear.This study investigated the sleepenhancing activity of Ashwagandha extract(AE)containing in Withaferin A(WFA)and examined the involve-ment of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A(GABA_(A))and adenosine A_(1) receptor pathways.Sleep parameters were evaluated using pentobarbital-and caffeine-induced sleep models in mice,electroencephalographic analysis,receptor antagonist assays,intracellular chloride influx measurements in human neuroblastoma cells,and mo-lecular analyses.AE significantly prolonged sleep duration and attenuated caffeine-induced sleep disturbance.The sleep-prolonging effect was attenuated by GABA_(A) receptor antagonists and reduced by an adenosine A_(1) receptor antagonist.In vitro,AE increased intracellular chloride influx,which was inhibited by bicuculline but not by flumazenil.Electroencephalographic analysis demonstrated reduced wakefulness,prolonged non-rapid eye movement sleep,and increasedδ-wave activity.Chronic AE administration increased brain GABA content and modulated the expression of genes related to GABAergic and serotonergic signaling.WFA partially contributed to the sleep-promoting effects of AE in vivo.These findings indicate that AE promotes sleep through coordinated modulation of GABA_(A) and adenosine A_(1) receptor-related pathways and support its potential as a natural sleep-promoting agent.

关键词： Grading   Group IV   Solar cells   Si   Si(1-x)Ge(x)  

摘要：

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  3D ITO/n-Si/Si_(1–x)Ge_(x)/p-Si/p-Si graded solar cell structure.
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  Strong electric field distribution at heterojunction interfaces, promoting efficient carrier separation.
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  Identification of defect-induced nonradiative losses and their spatial correlation with the electric field profile.
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  SiGe-based bandgap-graded solar cells for high-efficiency PV applications.

关键词： Compressed sensing   Analysis sparsity   Weighted ℓ1 analysis   Statistical dimension   Prior distributions  

摘要： Recovering signals that are sparse in a transform domain–so-called analysis-sparse vectors–from undersampled measurements is a fundamental problem in compressed sensing. In many practical scenarios, such as imaging, geophysics, and communications, the distribution of transform coefficients is known in advance, providing valuable prior information. Weighted ℓ₁ analysis offers a natural framework to exploit this knowledge, yet a principled method for choosing the weights has remained unsolved. In this work, we propose a distribution-aware framework for weight design. Using convex geometric tools, we establish a computable and nearly tight upper bound on the expected number of Gaussian measurements needed for exact recovery. This bound depends only on two accessible summaries of the prior in the analysis domain: marginal support probabilities and expected signs. Minimizing it yields a near-optimal weight vector that is stable, scale-invariant, and applicable a priori, without iterative tuning. Our theory accurately predicts recovery thresholds and shows how prior knowledge can be converted into provable measurement savings. Extensive simulations confirm substantial reductions in the number of required measurements and reconstruction error relative to unweighted ℓ₁ analysis, with the largest improvements observed for coherent and redundant operators. Overall, this work establishes a rigorous and practical recipe for leveraging distributional priors in analysis-based compressed sensing.

关键词： DFT   H2O-O2 co-adsorption   Pyrite   Single H2O molecules adsorption   Single O2 molecules adsorption   Surface oxidation  

摘要： Pyrite (FeS₂) is the most widely distributed sulfide mineral in nature. Its surface oxidation behavior profoundly affects prevention and control of acid mine drainage (AMD), recovery of mineral resources, and stability of optoelectronic materials. In this study, the oxidation mechanism of the pyrite (1 0 0) surface was systematically investigated based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The results show that H₂O adsorbs in molecular form at Fe―Fe hollow site sites, forming weak covalent Fe―O bonds and H…S hydrogen bonds. O₂ molecules preferentially undergo dissociative adsorption at S―S hollow site sites, generating stable S==O double bonds, with electrons transfer characterized by O₂ gaining electrons and S losing electrons. In H₂O-O₂ co-adsorption system, the configuration with undissociated H₂O is more stable, where O₂ acts on the S site and H₂O adsorbs on the Fe site. Under conditions where multiple H₂O and O₂ molecules coexist, sulfur undergoes stepwise oxidation, producing ―SO₂―, SO₃²⁻, and SO₄²⁻ groups, which eventually detach, while iron atoms form Fe₄O₃(OH)₆ (goethite). This reveals the synergistic/competitive mechanism between H₂O and O₂ in multi-molecular environments and verifies the plausibility of the oxidation reaction pathway. This study elucidates the micro-scale mechanism of pyrite (1 0 0) surface under the influence of H₂O and O₂ from atomic and electronic perspectives, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding the oxidation behavior of this mineral.

关键词： CO2 capture   Solvent degradation   BECCS   AMP/PZ   Pilot scale capture  

摘要： Blends of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and piperazine (PZ), such as CESAR1, are emerging solvents for post-combustion CO₂ capture, yet their long-term degradation behaviour under flue gas exposure from biomass combustion remains limited in the literature. A pilot plant was operated for 3300 h at a woodchip-fired power plant using a CESAR1 solvent. Solvent samples were collected and analysed for amines, heat-stable salts, and metals using ion chromatography and spectrophotometry. Results were benchmarked against a previous campaign using the same pilot on cement-plant flue gas. The PZ concentration remained relatively stable throughout the campaign, whereas the AMP concentration gradually decreased with operating time. Oxidative and thermal degradation products accumulated in the lean solvent, with concentrations of glycolic acid reaching 526 ppm after 2000 h, acetate reaching 418–443 ppm, formate increasing to 1795 ppm after 3000 h, and oxalate increasing to 200 ppm towards the end of the campaign. The concentrations of inorganic anions reflected differences in flue gas composition. Nitrate concentrations increased more slowly during biomass operation (600–700 ppm after 3300 h) than during the cement flue gas campaign, while sulphate concentrations reached approximately 260 ppm. Dissolved iron concentrations remained low during biomass operation but reached tens of ppm during the cement campaign. The results demonstrate that CESAR1 can be operated for extended periods on biomass-derived flue gas with comparatively low concentrations of nitrate and iron. However, organic acids and sulphate continued to accumulate over time, highlighting the importance of monitoring solvent degradation and HSS formation during long-term operation.

关键词： Deoxynivalenol   Lactiplantibacillus plantarum   ferroptosis   gut microbiota  

摘要： Deoxynivalenol (DON), a major mycotoxin contaminating grain-based feed, poses a severe threat to intestinal health. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, as a probiotic, is increasingly recognized for its positive impact on various aspects of animal health. However, the mechanism by which Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP15-1 alleviates DON-induced intestinal injury remains unclear. In this study, six-week-old male mice were divided into control, DON group (2 mg/kg/day), and LP + DON group (10⁸ CFU/day LP15-1 and 2 mg/kg/day DON). The experiment consisted of a 14-day pre-treatment with LP15-1, followed by a 7-day co-treatment with both LP15-1 and DON, for a total of 21 days. The present study demonstrated that LP15-1 supplementation improved feed conversion efficiency in mice. LP15-1 effectively alleviated DON-induced intestinal damage by restoring villus morphology and intestinal barrier integrity. LP15-1 significantly suppressed DON-induced elevation of serum IL-6 and restored TGF-β levels. Meanwhile, it reduced Ly6G-positive cells in intestinal tissues, thereby attenuating intestinal inflammation. Furthermore, LP15-1 enhanced intestinal antioxidant capacity, increasing T-AOC, SOD, and GSH while reducing MDA. Mechanistically, LP15-1 effectively counteracted DON-induced intestinal ferroptosis by restoring iron storage (FTH1), enhancing antioxidant defense (GPX4, GSS), and suppressing lipid peroxidation execution (ACSL4) and related inflammation (PTGS2) in jejunum. 16S rRNA sequencing showed that LP15-1 reversed DON-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, restoring a control-like microbial community. The abundances of LP15-1-enriched genera were positively correlated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and ferroptosis-suppressive parameters, and negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, indicating that the alleviation of DON-induced intestinal injury by LP15-1 is closely associated with

关键词： Density functional theory   Flame retardant materials   Ionic liquids   Magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles  

摘要： In response to the growing demand for environmentally friendly and efficient flame retardants, nano-magnesium hydroxide (nano-MH) has emerged as a promising candidate due to its high thermal stability and smoke suppression properties. However, its practical application is limited by agglomeration and high loading requirements.

关键词： PPV1   Ungulate protoparvovirus1   Epidemiology   Epitope prediction   Docking   Data analysis  

摘要：

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  Positive selection at VP2 residues 320 and 436 suggests adaptive pressure on capsid evolution.
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  VP2 structural modeling revealed lineage-specific conformational changes in exposed regions.
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  Molecular docking showed high-affinity binding of epitopes to SLA alleles.
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  Vaccine strains such as NADL-2 and 27a may not fully cover emerging PPV1 variants.
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  Findings support updated or multi-epitope vaccines against evolving PPV1 lineages.

关键词： Gas sensors   Density functional theory   CdS monolayer   Dissolved gases in oil  

摘要：

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  Detection of dissolved gases in oil using a single-layer Cu_n-CdS (n−1−3) gas sensor.
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  The introduction of Cu_n has improved the electrical conductivity of the single-layer CdS.
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  Cu₂-CdS can be used as an excellent gas-sensitive material for detecting C₂H₂.
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  Cu₃-CdS can be used as an adsorbent material for CO and C₂H₂ at room temperature.

关键词： Myricetin   Liposomal nanoparticles   Diabetes   Testicular function   Oxidative stress  

摘要：

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  MYR-LNPs protect testicular tissue architecture and spermatogenic cell integrity in diabetic rats.
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  Nanoliposomal delivery enhances myricetin bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy compared with the free form.
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  MYR-LNPs restore PI3K/AKT/mTOR/SREBP-1c signaling and mitochondrial function disrupted by diabetes.
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  Treatment mitigates oxidative stress, inflammation, and caspase-dependent apoptosis at tissue and cellular levels.
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  Findings support nanotechnology-based natural interventions to preserve male reproductive health under diabetic conditions.