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摘要： We report a systematic first-principles investigation of the structural, electronic and optical behaviour of the quaternary chalcogenides Cu_2-xAg_xZnSnSe₄ (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0) crystallizing in the kesterite structure. Structural relaxations were carried out within density functional theory, and electronic properties were refined using the modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) potential combined with Hubbard U parameter (mBJ + U) to overcome the well-known underestimation of band gaps in semi-local approaches. Ag incorporation induces a progressive lattice expansion and modifies the local bonding environment while maintaining overall structural stability. The calculated band structures reveal direct band gaps in the technologically relevant range (≈1.156–1.591 eV), with the valence-band edge dominated by Cu/Ag-d and Se-p states and the conduction band primarily governed by Sn-s/Se-p antibonding interactions. Optical calculations show pronounced absorption in the visible and near-ultraviolet regions, together with notable dielectric anisotropy and reflectivity behavior consistent with interband transitions. The results demonstrate that controlled Ag substitution offers a practical route for tuning band alignment and enhancing light-harvesting capability without compromising structural integrity. Overall, this study provides mechanistic insight into composition–structure–property relationships in Ag-modified kesterites and highlights their potential as scalable absorber materials for next-generation thin-film photovoltaics.

关键词： Cosmological fluid   Interior solution   Junction conditions   Pulsars   Symmetric teleparallelism  

摘要： This work examines compact stars constructed under the Tolman IV and Kohler-Chao-Tikekar spacetime models within the matter and non-metricity coupling theory. The gravitational equations are formulated for a static, spherically symmetric geometry which is linked with an ideal matter composition. When the two afore-mentioned ansatzes are examined separately, two unique solutions emerge. To identify unknowns in our solutions, we use boundary conditions at the star’s surface that demand continuity of metric and extrinsic curvature of the interior and exterior line elements. To guarantee stellar models accurately reflecting compact objects, a detailed set of physical acceptance standards are assessed for the generated models. We perform a graphical analysis to validate the parameter space of our models using benchmark candidates, which are well-constrained compact stars like LMC X-4 and Her X-1, in order to ground our theory in observation. Our results demonstrate that both stellar systems are physically acceptable under ceratin parametric choices. This work thus provides a solid theoretical foundation and important avenues for further investigation, expanding our knowledge of compact star interiors within the symmetric teleparallel gravity framework.

关键词： FPR1   Gastrointestinal inflammation   Gastrointestinal neoplasms   Molecular targeted therapy   Tumor microenvironment  

摘要： Formyl Peptide Receptor 1 (FPR1), a Class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is a context-dependent regulator at the interface of gastrointestinal inflammation and cancer. Recent structural insights have revealed its functional diversity. FPR1 responds to diverse exogenous and endogenous ligands, activating downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein kinase B (Akt) pathways. These signals can either exacerbate neutrophil-driven tissue damage or promote inflammation resolution and epithelial repair. This functional duality extends to cancer, where FPR1 signaling can foster tumor progression by shaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment and driving angiogenesis, or conversely, suppress tumor growth by activating anti-tumor immunity and pro-resolving programs. The receptor’s association with disease prognosis and the existence of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) underscores it is a target for therapeutic intervention. However, the event and tissue specific signaling outputs and dualistic nature of FPR1 present significant challenges for pharmacological intervention. This review integrates current knowledge on FPR1′s structural biology and ligand-biased signaling, analyzing its dual roles in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), gastric cancer (GC), colorectal cancer (CRC). We analyze the mechanisms underlying the FPR1-facilitated “inflammation-to-cancer” transition and explore emerging therapeutic strategies, including structure-based rational design of small-molecule modulators, development of biased ligands to steer signaling toward beneficial outcomes, and the potential of combination therapies with chemotherapy or immunotherapy. By bridging mechanistic insights with pharmacological innovation, targeting FPR1 holds considerable promise for pioneering novel precision medicine approaches for digestive system diseases.

关键词： Oat   Lactic acid bacteria   Molecular weight and microstructure  

摘要： The impact of soaking and thermal processing (boiling) on the chemical composition and microstructure of kilned wholegrain oats with their hull remains poorly characterised, despite its relevance for nutritional enhancement. This study examined the effects of soaking, both with and without Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LB-1 (LAB), followed by heat treatment on oat kernel composition, dietary fibre fractions, molecular weight, phytic acid, and total phenolics. Soaking and boiling induced a decline in resistant starch and an increase in non-resistant starch, suggesting partial gelatinisation and enzymatic breakdown. Phytic acid, an antinutrient that limits mineral absorption, decreased by 32–37% after soaking and cooking compared to its initial value in the raw material. The phenolic content decreased after pre-treatment, likely due to solubilisation and heat-related degradation. Microstructural analysis showed cell wall loosening, starch granule swelling, and nutrient dispersion, particularly in LAB-treated samples. During the soaking step the pH dropped to 4–5 over 12 h with LAB compared to pH 6 in water-soaked oats. These structural and chemical modifications indicate that soaking, notably when combined with LAB, could improve starch accessibility and reduce antinutritional factors. The findings offer mechanistic insight into how pre-treatment can improve the nutritional quality and functionality of oats.

关键词： Farrerol   Type 2 diabetes mellitus   Insulin resistance   AMPKα1  

摘要： Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has become a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Farrerol has been demonstrated to ameliorate multiple metabolic disorders. However, the role of farrerol in hepatic insulin resistance (IR) in T2DM, as well as the underlying mechanism, remain unclear. The present study aims to elucidate these issues. A rat model of T2DM was used to evaluate the effect of farrerol on IR in vivo. BRL 3 A cells were stimulated with palmitic acid to obtain an in vitro model of IR to further determine the role and mechanism of farrerol in hepatic IR. The involvement of the AMPK pathway was investigated using a selective and ATP-competitive AMPK inhibitor Compound C and specific siRNA targeting AMPKα1. The present study demonstrated that farrerol administration reduced HOMA-IR index, ameliorated dyslipidemia, and regulated glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Additionally, farrerol administration alleviated hepatic damage, inflammation and oxidative stress accompanied by restored the AMPKα1/mTOR/SREBP-1 pathway in the liver of diabetic rats. Furthermore, in an in vitro model, farrerol enhanced glucose uptake, inhibited lipid accumulation, restored the membrane translocation of GLUT-2, suppressed inflammation and oxidative stress, and regulated the AMPKα1/mTOR/SREBP-1 pathway in palmitic acid-induced BRL 3 A cells. However, incubation with AMPK inhibitor or AMPKα1 knockdown reversed the protective effects of farrerol in vitro. Our findings demonstrate that farrerol ameliorates hepatic IR and associated metabolic dysfunctions by regulating the AMPKα1/mTOR/SREBP-1 pathway. Farrerol may be a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of IR in T2DM.

关键词： Thiamine hydrochloride   Ionic liquids   Partial molar volumes   Hepler’s constant   Ion–dipole interactions  

摘要： This work reports the density and volumetric properties of thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B₁) in pure water as well as in aqueous solutions of 1‑butyl‑3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF₄]) and 1‑butyl‑3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim][Cl]) at temperatures ranging from 293.15 to 313.15 K and at atmospheric pressure. The experimental density data were used to estimate various volumetric and thermodynamic properties, including the apparent molar volume (V_ϕ), limiting apparent molar volume ($V_{\varphi }^o$), limiting apparent molar volume of transfer (${\Delta }_{tr}{V}_{\varphi }^o$), limiting apparent molar expansibility ($E_{\varphi }^o$), Hepler’s constant (∂$E_{\varphi }^o$/∂T)_p, and thermal expansion coefficient (α). The limiting apparent molar volumes of transfer were determined to assess the effect of ionic liquids on the solvation behavior of thiamine hydrochloride. The temperature dependence of the volumetric properties was analyzed to obtain expansibility parameters and Hepler’s constant. The results indicate significant modifications in hydration and solvation behavior of thiamine hydrochloride in the presence of ionic liquids, which are governed by ion–dipole and hydrogen-bonding interactions. The p

关键词： Abalone   Haliotid herpesvirus   Immune priming   Antiviral strategy   AVG   Virus   Mollusc  

摘要： Abalone (Haliotis sp.) are marine organisms of significant ecological and economic importance. However, disease outbreaks, particularly caused by Haliotid herpesvirus (HaHV-1), pose a major threat to the global aquaculture industry. HaHV-1 causes Abalone Viral Ganglioneuritis (AVG) and has led to significant economic losses due to mass mortality in farmed and wild abalone in regions such as China, Taiwan, and Australia. The current study investigated the effect of age on the susceptibility of Australian hybrid abalone to HaHV-1 and the potential of immune priming as a strategy to protect abalone from HaHV-1 infection. Using a co-housed immersion challenge model, we found that abalone less than one year of age were significantly less susceptible to HaHV-1 infection and exhibit less pronounced clinical signs of HaHV-1 infection when compared to adults. Additionally, immune priming adult abalone with poly(I:C) prior to viral challenge provided protection against HaHV-1 when compared to abalone primed with a bacterial antigen, Flagellin-A and unprimed controls. We also determined that the use of pedal swabs is a less invasive method for confirming positive HaHV-1 infections, but not for determining comparative viral loads. These findings are pivotal in developing preventative strategies against HaHV-1 in aquaculture and highlight the need for further research on immune priming and age-related susceptibility in abalone.

关键词： Substrate stiffness   Integrin β1   Trabecular meshwork cell   Phagocytosis   Glaucoma  

摘要： Increased extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness is a well-recognized pathological hallmark of the trabecular meshwork (TM) in glaucomatous eyes; however, the mechanotransductive pathways by which TM cells sense and respond to mechanical cues remain incompletely understood. In this study, we identified integrin β1 as a key stiffness-responsive molecule, with its fluorescence signal and membrane localization significantly enhanced in human trabecular meshwork cells (hTMCs) cultured on stiffer substrates. Functional blockade of integrin β1 led to a marked reduction in cell proliferation, migration, and phagocytic activity across all stiffness conditions. Notably, the magnitude of blocking effects varied with substrate stiffness: inhibition of proliferative and migratory capacities was more pronounced on rigid substrates, whereas blockade-induced reduction in phagocytic activity was more evident on compliant substrates. These findings suggest that integrin β1 plays a central role in mediating hTMCs responses to biomechanical signals and may contribute to the functional impairment of the TM outflow pathway in the pathogenesis of glaucoma.