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摘要： The authors regret that Dr. Georgina Constantinou, (affiliated to School of Health & Psychological Sciences, City St George's University of London, London, UK) was omitted in error from the list of authors for this paper. The authors would like to...

关键词： Dual-functional materials   Electrochromic capacitors   Hierarchically ordered architecture   Mixed-phase vanadium oxide   Thermal annealing strategies  

摘要： This study synthesizes mixed-phase vanadium oxide (V_xO_2x+1) thin films with dual electrochromic and capacitive functionalities through a synergistic combination of sol–gel processing, electrochemical deposition, and thermal annealing. The VO-350 film, annealed at 350 °C, exhibits a hierarchically ordered “dense-layer/porous-interior” architecture, achieving exceptional areal capacitance and superior optical modulation. This single-material system exhibits an unparalleled four-state multicolor switching capability (yellow, green, blue and brown) with rapid kinetics (<20 s) and ultrahigh cycling stability, retaining 51.29% of its initial capacitance and exhibiting zero optical modulation decay after 2,000 cycles. When integrated into VO-350/WO₃ electrochromic devices, the system delivers dual-band high modulation (58.39% @750 nm and 59.11% @1000 nm after 3000 cycles) alongside enhanced switching dynamics. This work pioneers a methodology that precisely orchestrates reduction potentials and thermal annealing strategies to directionally regulate vanadium oxidation states, crystallographic phases, and morphological features, this establishes a standardized paradigm for designing dual-functional electrochromic capacitors.

关键词： Circularly polarized dielectric resonance antenna   defective dipole   Dislocations   Microwave dielectric ceramics   Near-zero τf  

摘要： The development of microwave dielectric ceramics with excellent comprehensive performance is an important research direction in the field of wireless communications. In this work, we have tailored disordered phase LiZn_0.5TiO₃ (LZT, Fd-3m) with ordered spinel Li₂MgTi₃O₈ (LMT, P4332) to prepare high-entropy ceramics (1−x)LZT-xLMT (1/4 ≤ x ≤ 3/4, P4332). As the LMT content increases, lattice defects increase, and dislocations are observed in the corrugated lattice fringes. The reduced entropy and increased lattice strain collectively affect the dielectric loss characteristic. Additionally, the rattling effect of cations in octahedral positions and the pinning effect of the defective dipoles cause the permittivity (ε_r) to deviate from classical theoretical predictions, while maintaining a low dielectric loss. And the temperature coefficient of permittivity (τ_ε) transitions from positive to negative, resulting in the temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (τ_f) tending toward zero (−4.09 ppm/°C). Notably, a positive correlation is observed between ε_r and τ_f. Based on these findings, 1/4LZT-3/4LMT ceramics (εᵣ = 26.9, Q × f = 52,976 GHz) with a near-zero τ_f were selected as the substrate material for a novel circularly polarized dielectric resonance antenna (CPDRA) designed for communication systems. This antenna exhibits an impedance bandwidth (42.4%) covering multiple communication bands, a 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth of 29.45%, and excellent circular polarization characteristics in the 5 G WiFi band. These features make it highly effective in suppressing multipath interference. In summary, these excellent characteristics highlight the exceptional potential of the developed high-entropy ceramic in commun

关键词： Complexations   Coordination chemistry   Density functional theory (DFT)   Hydration shell   Molecular dynamic   Rare earth elements  

摘要： A significant number of studies have examined lanthanide nitrate liquors. To date, the association processes of rare earth elements (REEs) in nitric acid and nitrate salt liquors continue to be actively investigated, as these media are pivotal in the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel by liquid-liquid extraction, as well as in technologies for obtaining metal complexes for photonics and pharmaceuticals. Nevertheless, information on the composition of the complex species formed (depending on liquor concentration), as well as on the nature of nitrate ion coordination (inner-sphere vs. outer-sphere) and the coordination mode (monodentate vs. bidentate), remains highly contradictory. This study presents a brief critical review on this topic to determine the current interpretation of lanthanide coordination chemistry in nitrate and phosphate liquors. This study also provides a preliminary assessment of the composition of an actual industrial nitrophosphoric acid liquor. Relying on this information, subsequent studies have formulated an understanding of the speciation and coordination state of lanthanides in high-concentration nitric/phosphoric acid liquors.

关键词： Tea plant cultivar   Green tea   Black tea   Oolong tea   Aroma   HPLC-MS   GC × GC-TOFMS  

摘要： Tea quality is synergistically shaped by raw material grade and processing, yet existing research has primarily focused on the processing stage, with systematic evaluations of the role of raw materials remaining insufficient. This study systematically investigated the flavor chemistry of the 'Qiancha 1′ (QC1) tea plant cultivar across tea types from multi-grade raw materials. Fresh leaves of QC1 (one-bud-one-leaf, one-bud-two-leaves, one-bud-three/four-leaves, open surface leaves) were processed into eight distinct tea products (green, black, oolong). Key taste components (catechins, theanine, caffeine, 20 amino acids, 18 flavonoids) were quantified via HPLC and LC-MS. Aroma volatiles (366 compounds) were analyzed using headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GC × GC-TOF-MS). Multivariate analysis revealed significant compositional shifts driven by raw material grade and processing. Tea from one-bud-two-leaves exhibited the highest theanine content. The curling process markedly increased amino acids and aroma volatiles while reducing catechins and flavonoids levels. Lipids and esters dominated the volatile profile. Thirty-eight key aroma-active compounds were identified, defining QC1′s characteristic floral, green, and fruity notes. This work provides a chemical basis for optimizing QC1 tea processing, recommending one-bud-one/two-leaf raw materials for curly green or black tea to enhance characteristic flavor quality.

关键词： Benzene-1,4-diboronic acid   Covalent organic framework   Electrochemical sensor   Lactic acid   Molecularly imprinted polymer   Polypyrrole  

摘要： This report presents an innovative enzyme-free electrochemical sensor for the selective detection of lactic acid (LAC). Here, a unique integration of the covalent organic framework derived from benzene-1,4-diboronic acid (COF) and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was reported for LAC detection. Integrating this COF, which features a favorable chemical structure and high surface area, with an MIP derived from a conductive polymer (polypyrrole) yields excellent sensor performance. In the sensing process, the interaction between the hydroxyl group of LAC and the hydroxyl groups of COF can significantly enhance sensor performance. The proposed sensor demonstrated a low limit of detection (LOD = 0.16 μM), a broad linear concentration range (0.50–5500 μM), excellent stability, and high selectivity. In cancer patients, LAC levels serve as a biomarker for detecting different stages of the disease. The developed sensor in this study demonstrates the potential for LAC detection as a cancer biomarker in real human plasma samples.

关键词： Actin cytoskeleton   Actin-binding proteins   Host-pathogen interactions   Lipid domains   Mycobacterial lipids  

摘要： Pathogens harbour a variety of strategies for channelizing the host molecular machinery to facilitate their entry and pathogenesis. Host cytoskeleton has emerged as most exploited host component, however the underlying mechanisms are less studied. Here using quantitative microscopy-based techniques, we revealed mycobacterial sulfoglycolipid, SL-1, to alter the interaction landscape between the host plasma membrane, phosphatidylinositol lipids, and F-actin. The changed abundance and dispersion of phosphoinositides and F-actin further impact their interactions with essential cytoskeletal proteins such as Arp2/3, N-WASP, cofilin, vinculin, and talin involved in actin assembly and disassembly. We show that SL-1 reduces cholesterol-rich plasma membrane domains and sequesters phosphoinositides into de novo lipid domains, boosting interactions with actin at the plasma membrane, but phosphoinositide shielding reduces interactions with actin-binding proteins. The most noteworthy is the diminished interactions between cofilin with both phosphoinositide lipid and F-actin coupled with reduction of ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf) GTPase-activating proteins thus initiating actin fragmentation in ASAP-1 dependent fashion. This phenotype fosters higher bacterial uptake within the host and modulates cell migration by altering actin alignment and filopodia dynamics. Collectively, our findings highlight potential key molecular events and players involved in host cytoskeleton remodelling upon exposure to mycobacterial lipids during tubercular infection that enhances bacterial uptake within the host.

关键词： AP-1   C-Fos   C-Jun   KLF2   Osteoclasts   Osteoporosis  

摘要： Osteoclasts function as the primary effectors of bone resorption and are essential for bone homeostasis. Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) has been implicated in osteoclast differentiation, but its precise mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of KLF2 in osteoclast function by characterising osteoclastogenesis, maturation and activity and to explore the underlying biomechanism. We showed that KLF2 negatively regulates osteoclastogenesis by characterising the osteoclast number, size and protein markers; that it negatively regulates osteoclast maturation by characterising the formation of intact actin rings and punctured podosome clusters; and that it negatively regulates osteoclast activity by characterising intracellular acidification through KLF2 overexpression by lentiviral transfection and KLF2 knockdown by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assays revealed that KLF2 directly interacted with c-Fos and c-Jun, which together constitute the activator protein-1 (AP-1) complex. By overexpressing KLF2 and knockdown with si-KLF2, we revealed that KLF2 mediated osteoclast function via negative regulation of the AP-1 complex. The inhibition of AP-1 activity confirmed its importance in KLF2-mediated osteoclast differentiation; Moreover, the inhibition of JNK signalling decreased the AP-1 activation induced by KLF2 knockdown, indicating the importance of the RANKL–MAPK–AP-1–NFATc1 axis in KLF2-regulated osteoclast differentiation. This study reveals a typical type of negative regulation of osteoclasts by KLF2 and provides information for potential therapeutic targets in osteolytic diseases, including osteoporosis.

关键词： Sentinel-1   InSAR   Sagaing fault   Coseismic deformation   Mandalay   Seismic hazard   DInSAR   Okada model  

摘要： This study quantifies coseismic ground deformation associated with the March 28, 2025 earthquake sequence (Mw 6.7–7.7) in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar. Differential interferometric synthetic-aperture radar (DInSAR) was applied to Sentinel-1A single-look complex (SLC) data, using pre-event images acquired six and four days before the earthquakes and post-event images acquired five and nineteen days after. The interferograms were processed in ESA SNAP, phase-unwrapped with SNAPHU, and geocoded using the 30 m SRTM digital elevation model (DEM). A coherence threshold of 0.35 was applied to ensure reliable phase retrieval. Peak line-of-sight (LOS) displacements reach +0.24 m (uplift) and −0.62 m (subsidence) for the ascending pair, and +0.22 m (uplift) and −0.64 m (subsidence) for the descending pair. Decomposition of the paired LOS maps yields vertical motion between +0.74 m and −1.57 m and east–west offsets between −1.99 m (westward) and +1.29 m (eastward), corresponding to a horizontal-to-vertical displacement ratio of 1.27. The deformation field closely follows the surface trace of the dextral Sagaing Fault, confirming it as the primary seismogenic structure. Opposite-sense deformation is observed across the fault, with subsidence and eastward motion on the western block and uplift and westward motion on the eastern block. These results provide a high-resolution deformation field for this event and highlight the value of open-access Sentinel-1 data for rapid seismic hazard assessment in data-scarce regions.

关键词： Co(II) complex   Crystal structure   DFT   Isobenzofuranone derivatives   Molecular docking   Zn(II) complex  

摘要： In this study, a new organic ligand derived from 3-(3-oxo-1,3-dihydroisobenzofuran-1-yl)aminobenzoic acid (1) and its Zn(II) (2) and Co(II) (3) complexes were synthesized. The structures of the synthesized compounds were comprehensively characterized by elemental analysis, NMR, FT-IR and UV–Vis spectroscopies and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The electronic properties, frontier orbital distributions, enhanced stabilities and charge transfer tendencies of the synthesized ligand and compounds were clarified by the DFT studies. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses showed that the asymmetric units of the complexes were containing only one molecule with the different coordination environments shaped by the steric and electronic contributions of the auxiliary ligands. FT-IR data indicated that both the carbonyl and amino groups play active roles in the coordination of the ligand, as confirmed by the appearance of characteristic shifts in the metal complexes. In the UV–Vis spectra, bands attributed to π → π* and/or n → π* transitions were observed in the range of 320–335 nm, and the d–d transition observed in the Co(II) complex around 515 nm was found to be consistent with the octahedral Co(II) centers reported in the literature. Molecular docking studies showed that the ligands and complexes exhibited significant binding with the DNA (1BNA) double helix via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. The binding scores of the complexes were found to be higher than those of the free ligand in terms of DNA interaction capacity, suggesting that metalation may increase biological activity. Hirshfeld surface analyses, besides interaction energy calculations and energy frameworks, demonstrated that O–H···O and N–H···O hydrogen bonds contribute significantly to bond stabilizations. Overall, the findings highlight that new 3-aminobenzoic acid–based