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关键词： China's Yangtze River Economic Belt   Impervious surface area   super resolution   semantic segmentation   1-meter ISA maps  

摘要： High-resolution impervious surface area (ISA) mapping is critical for a wide range of applications, including sustainable urban planning, flood risk assessment, and land use monitoring. However, the production of meter ISA products has long relied on commercial very high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery, which is cost-prohibitive and geographically limited. To this end, we propose a novel joint framework by integrating super-resolution and segmentation, called JointSeg, which enables the generation of 1-meter ISA maps directly from freely available Sentinel-2 imagery (10m resolution). JointSeg was trained on multimodal cross-resolution inputs, offering a scalable and affordable alternative to traditional approaches. This synergistic design enables gradual resolution enhancement from 10m to 1m while preserving fine-grained spatial textures and ensuring high classification fidelity through effective cross-scale feature fusion. This method has been successfully applied to the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB), a region characterized by complex urban-rural patterns and diverse topography. As a result, a comprehensive ISA mapping product for 2021, referred to as ISA-1, was generated, covering an area of over 2.2 million square kilometers. Quantitative comparisons against the 10m ESA WorldCover and other benchmark products reveal that ISA-1 achieves an F1-score of 85.71%, outperforming bilinear-interpolation-based segmentation by 9.5%, and surpassing other ISA datasets by 21.43%-61.07%. In densely urbanized areas (e.g., Suzhou, Nanjing), ISA-1 reduces ISA overestimation through improved discrimination of green spaces and water bodies. Conversely, in mountainous regions (e.g., Ganzi, Zhaotong), it identifies significantly more ISA due to its enhanced ability to detect fragmented anthropogenic features such as rural roads and sparse settlements, demonstrating its robustness across diverse landscapes. Moreover, we present biennial ISA maps from 2017 to 2023, capturing spa

关键词： Rosacea   erythema   telangiectasia   ktp   laser   ivermectin  

摘要： Objective: Facial erythema and telangiectasia in rosacea are commonly treated with vascular lasers. Combination with ivermectin 1% cream, may enhance outcomes when combined with laser therapy. This study assesses whether topical ivermectin improves the efficacy of Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTP) 532 nm laser for facial erythema in rosacea. Methods: This is a randomized, evaluator-blinded, split-face study. 24 patients with rosacea received four KTP laser sessions;one facial side was additionally treated daily with ivermectin 1% cream. The primary outcome was the change in Normalized Erythema Index (NEI). Secondary measures included Skin Redness Index (SRI), Clinical Erythema Assessment, Physician Global Assessment, telangiectasia score, inflammatory lesion counts, patient satisfaction, and safety. Results: At week 16, the combination side showed a significantly greater NEI reduction than laser alone (Delta NEI%: 16.6 vs 5.3;p = 0.04). No significant differences were observed in SRI, and all other scores. However, papule reduction across visits was significantly greater with ivermectin (p = 0.02). Both treatments were well tolerated, with no serious adverse events. Conclusion: KTP laser effectively reduces erythema and inflammatory lesions;adjunctive ivermectin may further enhance papulopustular lesions. The combination is well tolerated, suggesting a potential adjunctive role for topical ivermectin in laser-based rosacea therapy.

关键词： Type 1 diabetes   cardiovascular risk   risk prediction   subclinical atherosclerosis   precision medicine   risk stratification  

摘要： IntroductionCardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of premature mortality in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Despite this burden, current prevention guidelines and risk stratification tools are largely extrapolated from type 2 diabetes or general populations, often failing to capture the unique pathophysiological drivers of atherosclerosis in T1D. This narrative review aims to critically evaluate current cardiovascular prevention strategies, identify the limitations of generic risk calculators, and analyse the clinical utility and discriminatory performance of population-specific risk *** clinical practice guidelines provide heterogeneous and inconsistent recommendations for T1D. Generic risk calculators (e.g. SCORE2, ACC/AHA pooled cohort equations) are limited by short-term prediction horizons and a lack of validation in T1D cohorts, frequently leading to poor diagnostic performances in this population. Conversely, T1D-specific equations, such as Steno Type 1 Risk Engine (Steno-Risk) and the emerging LIFE-T1D model, incorporate disease-specific variables such as diabetes duration or albuminuria. Available evidence indicates that T1D equations as Steno-Risk demonstrate superior discriminatory performance compared to generic scores identifying those individuals with higher cardiovascular risk. However, despite improved calibration, specific tools still classify a substantial proportion of patients with established subclinical atherosclerotic disease as 'moderate risk,' creating a grey area that complicates therapeutic *** cardiovascular risk algorithms are inadequate for the T1D population. While specific equations represent a significant advancement toward accurate stratification, mathematical models alone may be insufficient. Moving toward precision medicine requires a combined approach that integrates validated T1D-specific risk calculators with subclinical atherosclerosis screening (e.g. carotid ultras

关键词： Multicomponent vaccine   influenza   SARS-CoV-2   messenger RNA   phase 1/2   randomized clinical trial  

摘要： A multicomponent vaccine against seasonal influenza and COVID-19 could reduce disease burden in adults by providing simultaneous protection in a single-dose regimen. The first-generation, mRNA-based, multicomponent mRNA-1073 vaccine, combining antigens encoded by mRNA-1010 (influenza) and mRNA-1273 (COVID-19) vaccines, was investigated in a phase 1/2 clinical trial. This stratified, observer-blinded study randomly assigned healthy adults (18-75 years) to receive mRNA-1073 (25-mu g, 50-mu g, or 100-mu g) + placebo, mRNA-1273 (50-mu g) + placebo, mRNA-1010 (50-mu g) + placebo, or co-administered mRNA-1010 (50-mu g) + mRNA-1273 (50-mu g) on day 1. Primary study objectives were safety and reactogenicity. Secondary study objectives assessed humoral immunogenicity against vaccine-matched influenza and SARS-CoV-2 strains at day 29 and all evaluable time points through day 181. An exploratory objective was to further characterize immune responses across the study vaccines. Overall, 550 participants were randomly assigned to receive study vaccination. mRNA-1073 exhibited dose-dependent reactogenicity. Most solicited adverse reactions were grade 1 or 2 in severity;no grade 4 events, serious adverse events related to study vaccination, or deaths were reported. A single dose of mRNA-1073 elicited durable immune responses through 6 months against all vaccine-matched influenza and SARS-CoV-2 strains. Systems serology analysis indicated that mRNA-1073 induced robust, balanced antibody responses with comparable immune profiles to mRNA-1010 + mRNA-1273. mRNA-1073 had an acceptable safety profile and elicited durable immune responses against all vaccine-matched influenza and SARS-CoV-2 strains, supporting ongoing evaluations of mRNA-based multicomponent vaccines that simultaneously protect against seasonal influenza and COVID-19 in a single ***: *** identifier: NCT05375838 (https://***/study/NCT05375838).

关键词： Adherence   efficacy   hepatitis B   people who use drugs   randomized controlled trial   vaccination schedule  

摘要： BackgroundTo compare the adherence and efficacy between the 0 - 7 - 21-day and the 0 - 1 - 6-month hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination schedules among people who use drugs (PWUD) in China. Research design and methodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted in 1261 HBV-susceptible PWUD from compulsory isolated detoxification centers (CIDCs) and methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) clinics in Xi'an. A 20 mu g per-dose vaccine was used. HBV surface antibody (anti-HBs), surface antigen, and core antibody were tested at months 7, 15, and 22 after the first ***-dose coverage was significantly higher in the 0 - 7 - 21-day group (74.40%) than in the 0 - 1 - 6-month group (51.58%, p < 0.001), mainly driven by participants from CIDCs (77.75% vs. 45.69%). Anti-HBs positive rates at months 7, 15, and 22 among participants who completed all three doses were significantly higher for the 0 - 1 - 6-month schedule (90.71%, 76.82%, and 67.35%) than for the 0 - 7 - 21-day schedule (74.23%, 49.40%, and 40.95%;all p < 0.001). HBV infection incidence was similar between schedules, but significantly different between vaccinees and non-vaccinees (p = 0.018). ConclusionsThe 0 - 7 - 21-day schedule substantially enhances three-dose completion in PWUD, but induces a notably weaker anti-HBs response and persistence. Schedules should be selected based on the management models for PWUD and their individual characteristics. Clinical trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900022403).

关键词： mRNA vaccine   influenza   adverse events   hemagglutination inhibition titers   cell-mediated immunity  

摘要： This first-in-human, randomized, controlled, phase 1 proof-of-principle study evaluated the safety, reactogenicity, and immunogenicity of an investigational mRNA-based monovalent influenza vaccine encoding influenza A/H1N1 hemagglutinin (FLUmHA). Younger adults (YA) aged 18-45 y received one dose of FLUmHA at one of 10 dose levels (0.5-100 & micro;g, n = 24/25 per group) or licensed Flu Dresden-quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccine (Flu D-QIV, n = 35) on day (D)1. Older adults (OA) aged 60-80 y received FLUmHA (18 & micro;g, n = 32) or Flu D-QIV (n = 16). Reporting rates for solicited adverse events (AEs) occurring within 7 d post-vaccination generally increased with increasing FLUmHA dose levels, and were 62.5%-100% (severe: 0.0%-20.8%) in YA across FLUmHA dose levels versus 88.6% (severe: 2.9%) in Flu D-QIV-vaccinated YA, and 62.5% (severe: 0.0%) (FLUmHA) versus 56.3% (severe: 0.0%) (Flu D-QIV) in OA. Unsolicited AEs within 28 d post-vaccination were reported by 50.0%-70.8% of YA across FLUmHA dose levels versus 68.6% of Flu D-QIV-vaccinated YA, and by 43.8% (FLUmHA) versus 50.0% (Flu D-QIV) of OA. No safety concerns were identified. A/H1N1 hemagglutination inhibition titers increased from pre-vaccination to D22, with adjusted geometric mean increases (GMIs) of 6.2-36.7 across YA and OA groups;the observed response was dose-dependent and higher in FLUmHA (for doses > 1 & micro;g) versus Flu D-QIV recipients. Titers decreased but remained above pre-vaccination levels at D183 (GMI: 2.9-14.0). Additionally, FLUmHA elicited a numerically higher hemagglutinin-specific CD4+ T-cell response (predominantly Th1 profile) than Flu D-QIV, both in YA and OA. These results support the progression to clinical development of a multivalent mRNA Flu vaccine candidate.

关键词： Piezo1   TME   mechanical signals   tumour progression   immunotherapy  

摘要： Background/objectivesAs a pivotal mechanosensitive ion channel, Piezo-type mechanosensitive ion channel component 1 (Piezo1) converts mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals that regulate key oncogenic processes, including tumour cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Emerging evidence demonstrates that Piezo1 is widely expressed across various cellular compartments of the tumour microenvironment (TME), and its elevated expression strongly correlates with adverse clinical outcomes. A comprehensive understanding of the complex interactions between Piezo1 activation and cytokine networks in different TME cell populations is therefore essential for developing innovative and effective anti-tumour therapeutic strategies. In this review, we aimed to highlight the molecular mechanisms of Piezo1, systematically elucidating how the mechanical stimulation-Piezo1 signalling pathway within the TME contributes to tumour immune escape and malignant progression. Furthermore, we summarized current research advances in Piezo1-targeting drugs and clinical trials, and discuss strategies to improve tissue specificity while minimizing off-target *** comprehensive literature review was conducted, focusing on the specific mechanisms through which Piezo1 regulates endothelial cells, immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts and the extracellular matrix within the TME. Activation of Piezo1 in endothelial and immune cells promotes tumour angiogenesis and immune ***1 plays a critical role in tumour progression and represents a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment

关键词： Esophageal cancer   radiotherapy   anti-PD-1 antibody   chemotherapy   elderly patients  

摘要： Background and purposeThe benefit of adding anti-PD-1 antibodies to definitive chemoradiotherapy (dCRT) in elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains uncertain. This study evaluated its efficacy and safety versus dCRT *** and methodsWe retrospectively analyzed the patients aged >= 70 years with ESCC treated at three academic centers from 2009 to 2023. All patients received first-line dCRT and the study group additionally received anti-PD-1 antibodies (IO group). Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to balance baseline *** total of 241 patients were enrolled, including 130 in the IO group and 111 in the dCRT group. After 1:1 PSM (110 patients per group), no significant differences in overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS) were observed. The median OS was 34.5 vs 33.7 months (HR = 0.86, 95%CI: 0.58-1.28, p = 0.467) and median PFS was 29.8 vs 17.8 months (HR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.55-1.13, p = 0.194). Multivariate Cox analysis identified high nutritional risk as an independent predictor of worse OS (p = 0.014), while both advanced TNM stage (p = 0.030) and high nutritional risk (p = 0.016) were independently associated with shorter PFS. Subgroup analyses suggested that patients with good performance, better nutritional status or lower comorbidity burden may benefit from combination therapy. Grade 3-4 adverse events were comparable between two *** anti-PD-1 antibodies to dCRT did not result in a significant improvement in OS or PFS in the ESCC patients aged >= 70 years;however exploratory findings indicate a potential PFS signal in selected patients with favorable baseline conditions, which requires confirmation in prospective studies.